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Test 8 · How to learn spellings that stick

A cartoon kid looks up «fone» in the dictionary and gives up. What should he try?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cartoon kid, kid · What happens: look up, give up, try · To what, where: fone

This is test 8 of lesson 15 «How to learn spellings that stick» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon kid looks up «fone» in the dictionary and gives up.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 kid	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 kid	compound
3	kid	kid	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 looks	nsubj
4	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 looks	compound:prt
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 fone	punct
7	fone	phone	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 looks	obl
8	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 fone	punct
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 dictionary	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 dictionary	det
11	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 looks	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 gives	cc
13	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 looks	conj
14	up	up	ADP	_	13 gives	compound:prt
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 looks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look up	present	a cartoon kid	fone				in the dictionary	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in dictionary=Theme
2	give up	present	a cartoon kid not said here						vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What should he try?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 try	obj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 try	aux
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 try	nsubj
4	try	try	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 try	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	try	should	kid						vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Give up; it isn't in any dictionary

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Give	give	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	up	up	ADP	_	1 Give	compound:prt
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 dictionary	punct
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 dictionary	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 dictionary	cop
6	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 dictionary	advmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 dictionary	case
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 dictionary	det
9	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Give	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give up	imperative	you not said here						vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	not is	present	it			any dictionary			tree rules

Option 2

Ask the dictionary to find it for him, because books can hear you

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ask	ask	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 dictionary	det
3	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ask	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 find	mark
5	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Ask	ccomp
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 find	obj
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 him	case
8	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 find	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 hear	punct
10	because	because	SCONJ	_	13 hear	mark
11	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 hear	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 hear	aux
13	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Ask	conj
14	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	13 hear	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	imperative	you not said here	the dictionary					vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent dictionary=Recipient clause=Topic
2	find not said to happen	to-infinitive		dictionary				for him = he	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent it=Theme for he=Beneficiary
3	hear	can	books	you					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Another likely start: ph, as in «phone»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	3 start	det
2	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 start	amod
3	start	start	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 ph	punct
5	ph	ph	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 start	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 phone	punct
7	as	as	ADP	_	10 phone	case
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 phone	case
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 phone	punct
10	phone	phone	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 start	conj
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 phone	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

Look under the letter o

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Look	look	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	under	under	ADP	_	4 letter	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 letter	det
4	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Look	obl
5	o	o	PUNCT	_	1 Look	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	imperative	you not said here					under the letter	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent under letter=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/15-how-to-learn-spellings-that-stick/t8/