Test 11 · ★ · Inference: reading between the lines Gran in the story says the house is «a right state» (northern for a real mess). Ruby infers the garden is messy. What would make her answer stronger?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Gran, house, Ruby, garden · What happens: say, be, infer, make, answer · To what, where: right state, Ruby · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 18 «Inference: reading between the lines» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Gran in the story says the house is «a right state» (northern for a real mess).
nsubj case det nmod det nsubj cop punct det amod ccomp punct punct parataxis case det amod obl punct punct root Gran PROPN in ADP the DET story NOUN says VERB the DET house NOUN is AUX « PUNCT a DET right ADJ state NOUN » PUNCT ( PUNCT northern ADJ for ADP a DET real ADJ mess NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gran Gran PROPN Number=Sing 5 says nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 4 story case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 story det 4 story story NOUN Number=Sing 1 Gran nmod 5 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 house det 7 house house NOUN Number=Sing 12 state nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 state cop 9 « « PUNCT _ 12 state punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 state det 11 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 12 state amod 12 state state NOUN Number=Sing 5 says ccomp 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 state punct 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 15 northern punct 15 northern northern ADJ Degree=Pos 5 says parataxis 16 for for ADP _ 19 mess case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 mess det 18 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 19 mess amod 19 mess mess NOUN Number=Sing 15 northern obl 20 ) ) PUNCT _ 15 northern punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Gran in the story vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is a in a quote present the house a right state tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Ruby infers the garden is messy.
nsubj det nsubj cop ccomp punct root Ruby PROPN infers VERB the DET garden NOUN is AUX messy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ruby Ruby PROPN Number=Sing 2 infers nsubj 2 infers infer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 garden det 4 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 6 messy nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 messy cop 6 messy messy ADJ Degree=Pos 2 infers ccomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 infers punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 infer present Ruby vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is present the garden messy property tree rules
Sentence 3: What would make her answer stronger?
obj aux obj xcomp xcomp punct root What PRON would AUX make VERB her PRON answer VERB stronger ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 make obj 2 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 make aux 3 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 make obj 5 answer answer VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 make xcomp 6 stronger strong ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 answer xcomp 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make would Ruby tree rules 2 answer speech: assert infinitive Ruby not said here strong property vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice Making up a new clue that isn't in the text but sounds good
csubj compound:prt det amod obj nsubj cop advmod case det acl:relcl cc xcomp root Making VERB up ADP a DET new ADJ clue NOUN that PRON is AUX n't PART in ADP the DET text NOUN but CCONJ sounds VERB good ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Making make VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 sounds csubj 2 up up ADP _ 1 Making compound:prt 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 clue det 4 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 5 clue amod 5 clue clue NOUN Number=Sing 1 Making obj 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 text nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 text cop 8 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 11 text advmod 9 in in ADP _ 11 text case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 text det 11 text text NOUN Number=Sing 5 clue acl:relcl 12 but but CCONJ _ 13 sounds cc 13 sounds sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 14 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 13 sounds xcomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make up gerund a new clue vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme clue=Pivot 2 not is present a new clue the text tree rules 3 sound present Making good property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer Adding the clue: weeds and a broken gate
det obj punct obj cc det amod conj root Adding VERB the DET clue NOUN : PUNCT weeds NOUN and CCONJ a DET broken VERB gate NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Adding add VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 clue det 3 clue clue NOUN Number=Sing 1 Adding obj 4 : : PUNCT _ 5 weeds punct 5 weeds weed NOUN Number=Plur 1 Adding obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 gate cc 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 gate det 8 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 gate amod 9 gate gate NOUN Number=Sing 5 weeds conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 add speech: assert gerund the clue tree rules 2 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Option 3 Writing «a right state» three times
punct det amod obj punct nummod obl:unmarked root Writing VERB « PUNCT a DET right ADJ state NOUN » PUNCT three NUM times NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Writing write VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 « « PUNCT _ 5 state punct 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 state det 4 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 5 state amod 5 state state NOUN Number=Sing 1 Writing obj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 state punct 7 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 times nummod 8 times time NOUN Number=Plur 1 Writing obl:unmarked
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write gerund a right state time vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent state=Theme
Option 4 Saying it in a posh voice
obj case det amod obl root Saying VERB it PRON in ADP a DET posh ADJ voice NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Saying obj 3 in in ADP _ 6 voice case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 voice det 5 posh posh ADJ Degree=Pos 6 voice amod 6 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 1 Saying obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert gerund it a posh voice vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent it=Theme in voice=Manner
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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