Test 10 · ★ · Inference: reading between the lines
What would happen if you answered every inference question with the feeling but no clue?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: happen, answer · To what, where: inference question
This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 18 «Inference: reading between the lines» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 happen | nsubj |
| 2 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 happen | aux |
| 3 | happen | happen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 6 answered | mark |
| 5 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 6 answered | nsubj |
| 6 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 happen | advcl |
| 7 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 9 question | det |
| 8 | inference | inference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 question | compound |
| 9 | question | question | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 answered | obj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 feeling | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 feeling | det |
| 12 | feeling | feeling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 question | nmod |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 clue | cc |
| 14 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 15 clue | det |
| 15 | clue | clue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 feeling | conj |
| 16 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 happen | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | would | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | answer speech: assert a condition, not said to happen | past | you | every inference question | with the feeling but no clue | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The teacher would give you extra marks for being short
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 teacher | det |
| 2 | teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 give | nsubj |
| 3 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 give | aux |
| 4 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 give | iobj |
| 6 | extra | extra | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 marks | amod |
| 7 | marks | mark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 give | obj |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 10 short | case |
| 9 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 short | cop |
| 10 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 give | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | would | the teacher | extra marks | you | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient mark=Theme | |||
| 2 | is | gerund | short property | tree rules |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
You'd miss marks, because the evidence is missing
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 miss | nsubj |
| 2 | 'd | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 miss | aux |
| 3 | miss | miss | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | marks | mark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 miss | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 missing | punct |
| 6 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 10 missing | mark |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 evidence | det |
| 8 | evidence | evidence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 missing | nsubj |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 missing | cop |
| 10 | missing | missing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 miss | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | miss | would | You | marks | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mark=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | is | present | the evidence | missing property | tree rules |
Option 3
Nothing
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
You'd get full marks every single time
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 get | nsubj |
| 2 | 'd | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 get | aux |
| 3 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 marks | amod |
| 5 | marks | mark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 get | obj |
| 6 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 time | det |
| 7 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 time | amod |
| 8 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 get | obl:unmarked |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | would | You | full marks | time | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mark=Stimulus |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/18-inference-reading-between-the-lines/t10/