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Test 9 · ★ · Inference: reading between the lines

«Maya smiled so she's fine, case closed». What would a good detective say?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Maya, good detective · What happens: smile, be, close, say · To what, where: case · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 18 «Inference: reading between the lines» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «Maya smiled so she's fine, case closed».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 smiled	punct
2	Maya	Maya	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 smiled	nsubj
3	smiled	smile	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	so	so	ADV	_	7 fine	advmod
5	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 fine	nsubj
6	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 fine	cop
7	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 smiled	ccomp
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 case	punct
9	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fine	parataxis
10	closed	close	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 case	acl
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 closed	punct
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 smiled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	smile in a quote	past	Maya						vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is in a quote	present	Maya					fine property	tree rules
3	close in a quote	participle		case not said here					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What would a good detective say?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 say	obj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 say	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 detective	det
4	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 detective	amod
5	detective	detective	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 say	nsubj
6	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	would	a good detective						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

She's laughing at Tess

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 laughing	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 laughing	aux
3	laughing	laugh	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 Tess	case
5	Tess	Tess	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 laughing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	laugh	present · progressive	She			Tess			vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Smiles never lie, so she must be absolutely fine and happy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Smiles	smile	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lie	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 lie	advmod
3	lie	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 fine	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	10 fine	advmod
6	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 fine	nsubj
7	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 fine	aux
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 fine	cop
9	absolutely	absolutely	ADV	_	10 fine	advmod
10	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 lie	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 happy	cc
12	happy	happy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 fine	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not lie	present	Smiles						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	must	she					absolutely, fine property	tree rules
3	be		she not said here						tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Her sad eyes show she's hiding how she feels

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 eyes	nmod:poss
2	sad	sad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 eyes	amod
3	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 show	nsubj
4	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 hiding	nsubj
6	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 hiding	aux
7	hiding	hide	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 show	ccomp
8	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	10 feels	advmod
9	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 feels	nsubj
10	feels	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 hiding	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	Her sad eyes						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	hide	present · progressive	she						tree rules
3	feel	present	she						vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

Option 4

We can't know anything from faces

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 know	nsubj
2	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 know	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 know	advmod
4	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 know	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 faces	case
7	faces	face	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 know	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not know	can	We	anything		faces			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer anything=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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