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Test 1 · ★ · Prediction: what happens next

«she gasped so she heard a joke». Is that the best prediction?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: she · What happens: gasp, hear, be · To what, where: joke, best prediction

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 19 «Prediction: what happens next» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «she gasped so she heard a joke».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 gasped	punct
2	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 gasped	nsubj
3	gasped	gasp	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	so	so	ADV	_	6 heard	advmod
5	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 heard	nsubj
6	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 gasped	advcl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 joke	det
8	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 heard	obj
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 gasped	punct
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 gasped	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gasp in a quote	past	she						vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	hear in a quote	past	she	a joke					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer joke=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Is that the best prediction?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 prediction	cop
2	that	that	SCONJ	_	5 prediction	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 prediction	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 prediction	amod
5	prediction	prediction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 prediction	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		the best prediction					tree rules

The options

Option 1

Yes, gasps always mean someone is laughing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 mean	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	gasps	gasp	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 mean	nsubj
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 mean	advmod
5	mean	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 laughing	parataxis
6	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	8 laughing	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 laughing	aux
8	laughing	laugh	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	gasps					always property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	laugh	present · progressive	someone						vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

No, gasps mean she is bored

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 mean	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 mean	punct
3	gasps	gasp	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 mean	nsubj
4	mean	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 bored	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 bored	cop
7	bored	bored	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 mean	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	gasps						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	she					bored property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, any guess is as good as another

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 good	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	4 guess	det
4	guess	guess	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 good	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 good	cop
6	as	as	ADV	_	7 good	advmod
7	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	as	as	ADP	_	9 another	case
9	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	7 good	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	any guess					as another; good property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Not quite, a gasp usually shows shock or surprise

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	2 quite	advmod
2	quite	quite	ADV	_	7 shows	advmod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 quite	punct
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 gasp	det
5	gasp	gasp	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 shows	nsubj
6	usually	usually	ADV	_	7 shows	advmod
7	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	shock	shock	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 shows	obj
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 surprise	cc
10	surprise	surprise	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 shock	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	a gasp	shock or surprise				usually property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent shock=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/19-prediction-what-happens-next/t1/