Test 2 · Blending, segmenting and the Year 1 check

«yinz kids are slow, back in my day we just read 'er!» What is true about slow early readers?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: yinz kids, we · What happens: be, read · To what, where: day

This is test 2 of lesson 2 «Blending, segmenting and the Year 1 check» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «yinz kids are slow, back in my day we just read 'er!»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 slow	punct
2	yinz	yinz	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 kids	compound
3	kids	kid	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 slow	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 slow	cop
5	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 day	punct
7	back	back	ADV	_	10 day	advmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 day	case
9	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 day	nmod:poss
10	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 slow	obl
11	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 read	nsubj
12	just	just	ADV	_	13 read	advmod
13	read	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 day	acl:relcl
14	'	'	PUNCT	_	15 er	punct
15	er	er	INTJ	_	13 read	discourse
16	!	!	PUNCT	_	5 slow	punct
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 slow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	yinz kids				day	slow property	tree rules
2	read in a quote	past	we	my day not said here					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent day=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true about slow early readers?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	7 readers	case
5	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 readers	amod
6	early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 readers	amod
7	readers	reader	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 true	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						about slow early readers; true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Slow sounding-out is normal and speeds up with re-reading easy books

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 out	amod
2	sounding	sounding	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 out	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 out	punct
4	out	out	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 normal	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 normal	cop
6	normal	normal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 speeds	cc
8	speeds	speed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 normal	conj
9	up	up	ADP	_	8 speeds	compound:prt
10	with	with	ADP	_	11 re-reading	case
11	re-reading	re-reading	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 speeds	obl
12	easy	easy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 books	amod
13	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 speeds	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Slow sounding out					normal property	tree rules
2	speed up	present	Slow sounding out not said here	easy books				with re-reading	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Grandpa's way, reading without any sounds at all, is quicker for every child everywhere

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 way	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Grandpa	case
3	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 quicker	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 reading	punct
5	reading	read	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 way	acl
6	without	without	ADP	_	8 sounds	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 sounds	det
8	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 reading	obj
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 all	case
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 sounds	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 way	punct
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 quicker	cop
13	quicker	quick	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
14	for	for	ADP	_	16 child	case
15	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	16 child	det
16	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 quicker	obl
17	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	PronType=Tot	13 quicker	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	read	gerund	Grandpa's way not said here	any sounds		all			vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent sound=Theme at all=Value
2	is	present	Grandpa's way					for every child; everywhere, quick property	tree rules

Option 3

Fast reading in the first week shows a child is clever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fast	fast	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 reading	amod
2	reading	reading	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 shows	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 week	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 week	det
5	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	6 week	amod
6	week	week	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reading	nmod
7	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 child	det
9	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 clever	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 clever	cop
11	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 shows	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	Fast reading in the first week						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	a child					clever property	tree rules

Option 4

Slow early readers will stay slow for their whole lives

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 readers	amod
2	early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 readers	amod
3	readers	reader	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 stay	nsubj
4	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 stay	aux
5	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 stay	xcomp
7	for	for	ADP	_	10 lives	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 lives	nmod:poss
9	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 lives	amod
10	lives	life	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 stay	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	future	Slow early readers					for readers's whole lives; slow property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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