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Test 2 · Vocabulary in context

★★★ «Maya's luminous watch was the only thing they could see in the dark cave.» What does luminous mean, and which clue shows it?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ★, they, luminous, clue · What happens: be, see, mean, show · To what, where: only thing, dark cave, watch

This is test 2 of lesson 20 «Vocabulary in context» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ «Maya's luminous watch was the only thing they could see in the dark cave.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 thing	nsubj
2	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
3	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	12 thing	punct
5	Maya	Maya	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 watch	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 Maya	case
7	luminous	luminous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 watch	amod
8	watch	watch	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 thing	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 thing	cop
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 thing	det
11	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 thing	amod
12	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 see	nsubj
14	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 see	aux
15	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 thing	acl:relcl
16	in	in	ADP	_	19 cave	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 cave	det
18	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 cave	amod
19	cave	cave	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 see	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 thing	punct
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 thing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	past	★	the only thing					tree rules
2	see in a quote	could	they	the only thing not said here		the dark cave			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does luminous mean, and which clue shows it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 mean	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
3	luminous	luminous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 mean	nsubj
4	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 shows	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 shows	cc
7	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	8 clue	det
8	clue	clue	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shows	nsubj
9	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	parataxis
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 shows	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present · do-support	luminous						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic
2	show	present	which clue	watch					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient

The options

Option 1

Broken, because they were in a cave

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 cave	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 cave	mark
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 cave	nsubj
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 cave	cop
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 cave	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 cave	det
8	cave	cave	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Broken	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	participle							vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	is	past	they			a cave			tree rules

Option 2

Big, because it could be seen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 seen	amod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 seen	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 seen	mark
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 seen	nsubj:pass
5	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 seen	aux
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 seen	aux:pass
7	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	could · passive		it					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Expensive, because it was the only one

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Expensive	expensive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 one	amod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 one	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 one	mark
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 one	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 one	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 one	det
7	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 one	amod
8	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	it	the Expensive only one					tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Glowing, because it could be seen in the dark

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Glowing	glow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 seen	mark
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 seen	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 seen	mark
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 seen	nsubj:pass
5	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 seen	aux
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 seen	aux:pass
7	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 dark	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dark	det
10	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 seen	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	glow	gerund							vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	see	could · passive		it		the dark			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/20-vocabulary-in-context/t2/