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Test 7 · ★★ · Author's choices: why this word, why this way

Ethan: «A dog telling the story is dumb, dogs can't talk.» What is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: dog, Ethan · What happens: tell, be, not talk · To what, where: story, Ethan · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 21 «Author's choices: why this word, why this way» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ethan: «A dog telling the story is dumb, dogs can't talk.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ethan	Ethan	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 talk	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 dumb	punct
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 dumb	punct
4	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 dog	det
5	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 dumb	nsubj
6	telling	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 dog	acl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 story	det
8	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 telling	obj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 dumb	cop
10	dumb	dumb	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Ethan	acl:relcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Ethan	punct
12	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 talk	nsubj
13	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 talk	aux
14	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 talk	advmod
15	talk	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 talk	punct
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 talk	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert in a quote	gerund	a dog not said here	the story					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient
2	is in a quote	present	a dog	Ethan not said here				dumb property	tree rules
3	not talk in a quote	can	Ethan						vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Ethan is right, only people can narrate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ethan	Ethan	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 narrate	punct
5	only	only	ADV	_	6 people	advmod
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 narrate	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 narrate	aux
8	narrate	narrate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 right	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Ethan					right property	tree rules
2	narrate speech: other	can	people						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Dog narrators are only for babies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 narrators	compound
2	narrators	narrator	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 babies	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 babies	cop
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 babies	advmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 babies	case
6	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Dog narrators					for babies	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Narrators can be animals, and it gives a new viewpoint

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Narrators	narrator	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 gives	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 animals	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 animals	cop
4	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Narrators	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 gives	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 gives	cc
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 gives	nsubj
8	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 viewpoint	det
10	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 viewpoint	amod
11	viewpoint	viewpoint	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 gives	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	can		animals					tree rules
2	give	present	Narrators	a new viewpoint					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent viewpoint=Theme

Option 4

Stories must be told by the author's mum or dad, who can check that it is all true

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 told	nsubj:pass
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 told	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 told	aux:pass
4	told	tell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	9 mum	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 author	det
7	author	author	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 mum	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 author	case
9	mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 told	obl
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 dad	cc
11	dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 mum	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 check	punct
13	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 check	nsubj
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 check	aux
15	check	check	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 dad	acl:relcl
16	that	that	SCONJ	_	20 true	mark
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 true	nsubj
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 true	cop
19	all	all	ADV	_	20 true	advmod
20	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 check	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	must · passive	the author's mum or dad	Stories					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient
2	check	can	dad						vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	author					all, true property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/21-authors-choices-why-this-word-why-this-way/t7/