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Test 6 · ★★ · Author's choices: why this word, why this way

In a cartoon, every loud noise appears in big letters: BOOM! ZAP! What is this device in writing?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: loud noise · What happens: appear, be · To what, where: cartoon, device, writing

This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 21 «Author's choices: why this word, why this way» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, every loud noise appears in big letters: BOOM!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 appears	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 noise	det
6	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 noise	amod
7	noise	noise	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 appears	nsubj
8	appears	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 letters	case
10	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 letters	amod
11	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 appears	obl
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	13 BOOM	punct
13	BOOM	boom	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 letters	conj
14	!	!	PUNCT	_	8 appears	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	appear	present	every loud noise			a cartoon		in big letters and BOOM	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cartoon=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: ZAP!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	ZAP	zap	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	!	!	PUNCT	_	1 ZAP	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 3: What is this device in writing?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 device	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 device	cop
3	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 device	det
4	device	device	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 writing	case
6	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 device	nmod
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 device	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		this device		writing			tree rules

The options

Option 1

A metaphor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 metaphor	det
2	metaphor	metaphor	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

A simile, because the noise is compared to something using the word like

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 simile	det
2	simile	simile	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 like	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 compared	punct
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 compared	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 noise	det
6	noise	noise	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 compared	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 compared	aux:pass
8	compared	compare	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 simile	acl:relcl
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 something	case
10	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	8 compared	obl
11	using	use	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 something	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 word	det
13	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 using	obj
14	like	like	ADP	_	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compare	present · passive	a simile not said here	the noise				to something	vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	use	gerund		the word					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient

Option 3

A heading

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 heading	det
2	heading	heading	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Onomatopoeia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Onomatopoeia	onomatopoeia	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/21-authors-choices-why-this-word-why-this-way/t6/