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Test 4 · ★★★ · Reading poems: meaning, sound and pictures

★★★ «Who has seen the wind? Neither I nor you.» Which other thing do we know about only by what it does, like the wind?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ★, other thing, thing · What happens: see, know, do · To what, where: wind

This is test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 25 «Reading poems: meaning, sound and pictures» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ «Who has seen the wind?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
3	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 seen	punct
5	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 seen	nsubj
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 seen	aux
7	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	1 ★	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 wind	det
9	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 seen	obj
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 ★	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see in a quote	present · perfect	★	the wind					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wind=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Neither I nor you.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	CCONJ	Polarity=Neg	4 you	cc:preconj
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 you	nsubj
3	nor	nor	CCONJ	Polarity=Neg	4 you	cc
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	root	root
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 you	punct
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 you	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 3: Which other thing do we know about only by what it does, like the wind?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	3 thing	det
2	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 thing	amod
3	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 know	nsubj
4	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 know	aux
5	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 know	nsubj
6	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	about	about	ADP	_	10 what	case
8	only	only	ADV	_	10 what	advmod
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 what	case
10	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 know	obl
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 does	nsubj
12	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 what	acl:relcl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 wind	punct
14	like	like	ADP	_	16 wind	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 wind	det
16	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 does	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 know	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	present · do-support	which other thing						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about what=Stimulus
2	do	present	thing					like the wind	vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

The Moon, which we can see at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Moon	det
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 see	punct
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 see	obj
5	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 see	nsubj
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 see	aux
7	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 Moon	acl:relcl
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 night	case
9	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 see	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	can	we	the Moon			night		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus

Option 2

A tree, which we can see and touch

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 tree	det
2	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 see	punct
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 see	obj
5	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 see	nsubj
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 see	aux
7	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 tree	parataxis
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 touch	cc
9	touch	touch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 see	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	can	we	a tree					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus
2	touch	infinitive	we not said here						vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Gravity, which makes things fall

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 makes	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 makes	punct
3	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 makes	nsubj
4	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 makes	obj
6	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Gravity	things					tree rules
2	fall	infinitive	things not said here						vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

A cat, which we can stroke and hear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cat	det
2	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 stroke	punct
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 stroke	nsubj
5	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 stroke	nsubj
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 stroke	aux
7	stroke	stroke	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 cat	parataxis
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 hear	cc
9	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 stroke	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stroke	can	a cat						vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	hear	infinitive	a cat not said here						vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/25-reading-poems-meaning-sound-and-pictures/t4/