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Test 8 · ★ · Word classes: the jobs words do

«yeah nah, arvo isn't a real word». What's true?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: arvo · What happens: not be, be · To what, where: real word

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 27 «Word classes: the jobs words do» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «yeah nah, arvo isn't a real word».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 nah	punct
2	yeah	yeah	INTJ	_	3 nah	discourse
3	nah	nah	INTJ	_	10 word	discourse
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 nah	punct
5	arvo	arvo	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 word	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 word	cop
7	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 word	advmod
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 word	det
9	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 word	amod
10	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 word	punct
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 word	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is a in a quote	present	arvo	a real word					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

It's a verb meaning to say yes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 verb	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 verb	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 verb	det
4	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	meaning	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 verb	acl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 say	mark
7	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 meaning	xcomp
8	yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 say	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a verb					tree rules
2	mean	gerund	a verb not said here						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	say speech: assert not said to happen	to-infinitive	a verb not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent yes=Topic

Option 2

It's a made-up sound with no meaning at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 sound	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 sound	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 sound	det
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 sound	amod
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 up	punct
6	up	up	ADP	_	4 made	compound:prt
7	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 meaning	case
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 meaning	det
10	meaning	meaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sound	nmod
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 all	case
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 sound	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make up	participle							vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
2	is a	present	It	a made sound		all		with no meaning	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It's Australian for afternoon, a real noun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 Australian	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 Australian	cop
3	Australian	Australian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 afternoon	case
5	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 Australian	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 noun	punct
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 noun	det
8	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 noun	amod
9	noun	noun	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 Australian	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It				afternoon	australian property	tree rules

Option 4

It's a swear word

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 word	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 word	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 word	det
4	swear	swear	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 word	compound
5	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a swear word					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/27-word-classes-the-jobs-words-do/t8/