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Test 7 · ★ · Fronted adverbials

In a cartoon, the Grammar Gremlin says, «Fronted adverbials must be ONE word, like Suddenly.» What is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Grammar Gremlin, Fronted adverbials · What happens: say, front, be · To what, where: cartoon, ONE word · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 29 «Fronted adverbials» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, the Grammar Gremlin says, «Fronted adverbials must be ONE word, like Suddenly.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 says	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Gremlin	det
6	Grammar	Grammar	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 Gremlin	compound
7	Gremlin	Gremlin	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 says	nsubj
8	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 word	punct
10	«	«	PUNCT	_	16 word	punct
11	Fronted	front	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 adverbials	amod
12	adverbials	adverbial	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 word	nsubj
13	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 word	aux
14	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 word	cop
15	ONE	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 word	nummod
16	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 says	ccomp
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 Suddenly	punct
18	like	like	ADP	_	19 Suddenly	case
19	Suddenly	suddenly	ADV	_	16 word	advmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 says	punct
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	the Grammar Gremlin			a cartoon			vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in cartoon=Manner
2	front in a quote	participle							tree rules
3	is a in a quote	must	Fronted adverbials	ONE word				suddenly property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They can only tell you about time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 tell	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 tell	aux
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 tell	advmod
4	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 tell	iobj
6	about	about	ADP	_	7 time	case
7	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tell	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	can	They		you		time		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient

Option 2

They must always end in -ly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 end	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 end	aux
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 end	advmod
4	end	end	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 ly	case
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 in	punct
7	ly	ly	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 end	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	end	must	They			ly		always property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 3

Only one-word adverbials count

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	5 adverbials	advmod
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 word	nummod
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 one	punct
4	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 adverbials	compound
5	adverbials	adverbial	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 count	nsubj
6	count	count	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	count	present	word adverbials						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

They can be words, phrases or whole clauses

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 words	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 words	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 words	cop
4	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 phrases	punct
6	phrases	phrase	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 words	conj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 clauses	cc
8	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 clauses	amod
9	clauses	clause	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 words	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	can	They	words and phrases or whole clauses					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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