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Test 6 · ★★ · Active and passive voice, modal verbs

Gen Alpha cousin: "lowkey the window got smashed, it wasn't me fr." ("fr" means for real, "lowkey" means a bit secretly.) What is the formal passive?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Gen cousin, window, fr, lowkey, formal passive · What happens: lowkey, get, not be, mean, be · To what, where: me fr, bit · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 32 «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Gen Alpha cousin: "lowkey the window got smashed, it wasn't me fr."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gen	Gen	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 cousin	compound
2	Alpha	Alpha	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Gen	flat
3	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 lowkey	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 lowkey	punct
6	lowkey	lowkey	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 cousin	acl:relcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 window	det
8	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 got	nsubj
9	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 lowkey	ccomp
10	smashed	smashed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 got	xcomp
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 fr	punct
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 fr	nsubj
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 fr	cop
14	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 fr	advmod
15	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 fr	compound
16	fr	fr	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lowkey	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 cousin	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 cousin	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lowkey in a quote	past	Gen cousin not said here						tree rules
2	get in a quote	past	the window					smashed property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
3	not is a in a quote	past	window	me fr					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: ("fr" means for real, "lowkey" means a bit secretly.)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct
2	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 fr	punct
3	fr	fr	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 means	nsubj
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 fr	punct
5	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 real	case
7	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 means	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 means	punct
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 lowkey	punct
10	lowkey	lowkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 means	nsubj
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 lowkey	punct
12	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 means	conj
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 bit	det
14	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 means	obj
15	secretly	secretly	ADV	_	14 bit	advmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct
17	)	)	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	fr					for real	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot for real=Attribute
2	mean	present	lowkey	a bit					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bit=Topic

Sentence 3: What is the formal passive?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 passive	det
4	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 passive	amod
5	passive	passive	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the formal passive						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The window has smashing.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 window	det
2	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	smashing	smash	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 has	xcomp
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the window						tree rules
2	smash	gerund	the window not said here						vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 2

The window were smash.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 window	det
2	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 smash	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 smash	cop
4	smash	smash	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 smash	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the window					smash property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The window was smashed.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 window	det
2	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 smashed	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 smashed	aux:pass
4	smashed	smash	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 smashed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	smash	past · passive		the window					vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

The window smashed by me.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 window	det
2	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	smashed	smash	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 window	acl
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 me	case
5	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 smashed	obl
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 window	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	smash	participle		the window not said here				by me	vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent by i=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/t6/