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Test 3 · Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers

In a comic, a speech bubble says "Run!" What would the same line look like in a story?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: speech bubble, same line · What happens: say, look · To what, where: Run, comic · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 of lesson 35 «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a comic, a speech bubble says "Run!"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 comic	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 comic	det
3	comic	comic	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 says	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 comic	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 bubble	det
6	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bubble	compound
7	bubble	bubble	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 says	nsubj
8	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 Run	punct
10	Run	Run	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 says	obj
11	!	!	PUNCT	_	10 Run	punct
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a speech bubble	Run		a comic			vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent run=Theme in comic=Manner

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What would the same line look like in a story?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 look	obl
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 look	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 line	det
4	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 line	amod
5	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 look	nsubj
6	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	like	like	ADP	_	10 story	case
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 story	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 story	det
10	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 look	obl
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 look	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	would	the same line					like a story	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Run! "yelled the boy."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 yelled	ccomp
2	!	!	PUNCT	_	1 Run	punct
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	1 Run	punct
4	yelled	yell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 boy	det
6	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 yelled	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 yelled	punct
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 yelled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	infinitive							vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	yell speech: express in a quote	past		the boy					tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

"Run!" yelled the boy.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Run	punct
2	Run	Run	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 yelled	nsubj
3	!	!	PUNCT	_	2 Run	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Run	punct
5	yelled	yell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 boy	det
7	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 yelled	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 yelled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	yell speech: express	past	Run	the boy					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Topic

Option 3

Run yelled! "the boy."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Run	run	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	yelled	yell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Run	xcomp
3	!	!	PUNCT	_	1 Run	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	1 Run	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 boy	det
6	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Run	advcl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Run	punct
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	1 Run	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	imperative	you not said here						vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	yell speech: express	participle	you not said here						vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

"Run" yelled the boy!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Run	punct
2	Run	Run	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 yelled	nsubj
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Run	punct
4	yelled	yell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 boy	det
6	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 yelled	obj
7	!	!	PUNCT	_	4 yelled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	yell speech: express	past	Run	the boy					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/t3/