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Test 4 · Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers

Nan from Cardiff, laughing: "Come here for a cwtch, you daft thing." ("Cwtch" is a cuddle in Wales.) Written as speech, where do the marks go?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Nan, you, Cwtch, marks · What happens: laugh, come, thing, be, write, go · To what, where: cuddle, Wales · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 of lesson 35 «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Nan from Cardiff, laughing: "Come here for a cwtch, you daft thing."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nan	Nan	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 laughing	nsubj
2	from	from	ADP	_	3 Cardiff	case
3	Cardiff	Cardiff	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Nan	nmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 laughing	punct
5	laughing	laugh	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 Come	punct
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 Come	punct
8	Come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 laughing	parataxis
9	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	8 Come	advmod
10	for	for	ADP	_	12 cwtch	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 cwtch	det
12	cwtch	cwtch	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 Come	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 thing	punct
14	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 thing	nsubj
15	daft	daft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 thing	amod
16	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 Come	parataxis
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 Come	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 laughing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	laugh	gerund	Nan from Cardiff						tree rules
2	come in a quote	infinitive				here		for a cwtch	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	thing in a quote		you						tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: ("Cwtch" is a cuddle in Wales.)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	7 cuddle	punct
2	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 Cwtch	punct
3	Cwtch	Cwtch	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 cuddle	nsubj
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 Cwtch	punct
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 cuddle	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 cuddle	det
7	cuddle	cuddle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 Wales	case
9	Wales	Wales	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 cuddle	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 cuddle	punct
11	)	)	PUNCT	_	7 cuddle	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Cwtch	a cuddle		Wales			tree rules

Sentence 3: Written as speech, where do the marks go?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	as	as	ADP	_	3 speech	case
3	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Written	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 go	punct
5	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	9 go	advmod
6	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 go	aux
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 marks	det
8	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 go	nsubj
9	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 speech	acl:relcl
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Written	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	participle						as speech	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as speech=Attribute
2	go	present · do-support	the marks						vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Nowhere, because it is Welsh

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nowhere	nowhere	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 Welsh	advmod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nowhere	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	6 Welsh	mark
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 Welsh	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 Welsh	cop
6	Welsh	welsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	it					nowhere, welsh property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Around all of Nan's exact words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Around	around	ADP	_	2 all	case
2	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	7 words	case
4	Nan	Nan	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 words	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 Nan	case
6	exact	exact	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 words	amod
7	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 all	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	word		Nan						nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

Only around "you daft thing", the rude part

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 around	advmod
2	around	around	ADV	_	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 thing	punct
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 thing	nsubj
5	daft	daft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 thing	amod
6	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 around	appos
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 thing	punct
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 around	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 part	det
10	rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 part	amod
11	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 around	nsubj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	thing in a quote		you						tree rules

Option 4

Only around the Welsh word "cwtch"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	5 word	advmod
2	around	around	ADP	_	5 word	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 word	det
4	Welsh	welsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 word	amod
5	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 cwtch	punct
7	cwtch	cwtch	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 word	appos
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 cwtch	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/t4/