Test 1 · ★ · Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together
Your mate goes "paragraphs are just there so the page looks less scary, bruv." What is the truth?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mate, paragraphs, page, truth · What happens: go, be, look
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 37 «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Your mate goes "paragraphs are just there so the page looks less scary, bruv."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 mate | nmod:poss |
| 2 | mate | mate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 goes | nsubj |
| 3 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 there | punct |
| 5 | paragraphs | paragraph | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 there | nsubj |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 there | cop |
| 7 | just | just | ADV | _ | 8 there | advmod |
| 8 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 goes | advcl |
| 9 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 12 looks | mark |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 page | det |
| 11 | page | page | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 looks | nsubj |
| 12 | looks | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 goes | advcl |
| 13 | less | less | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 14 scary | advmod |
| 14 | scary | scary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 looks | xcomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 bruv | punct |
| 16 | bruv | bruv | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 looks | conj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 goes | punct |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 goes | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | present | Your mate | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | paragraphs | there property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | look in a quote | present | the page | scary property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is the truth?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 truth | det |
| 4 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 What | nsubj |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the truth | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
They show the writer is tired
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 show | nsubj |
| 2 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 writer | det |
| 4 | writer | writer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 tired | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 tired | cop |
| 6 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 show | ccomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | They | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is | present | the writer | tired property | tree rules |
Option 2
They are only there to look nice on the page
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 there | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 there | cop |
| 3 | only | only | ADV | _ | 4 there | advmod |
| 4 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 look | mark |
| 6 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 there | advcl |
| 7 | nice | nice | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 look | xcomp |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 page | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 page | det |
| 10 | page | page | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 look | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | They | there property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | look | to-infinitive | They not said here | on the page; nice property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on page=Theme |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
They group ideas so the reader can follow
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 ideas | nsubj |
| 2 | group | group | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ideas | compound |
| 3 | ideas | idea | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 8 follow | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 reader | det |
| 6 | reader | reader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 follow | nsubj |
| 7 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 follow | aux |
| 8 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 ideas | acl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | can | the reader | group ideas not said here | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice
They are only needed in poems and songs
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 needed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 needed | aux:pass |
| 3 | only | only | ADV | _ | 4 needed | advmod |
| 4 | needed | need | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 poems | case |
| 6 | poems | poem | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 needed | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 songs | cc |
| 8 | songs | song | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 poems | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | need | present · passive | They | poems and songs | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/t1/