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Test 9 · ★ · Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together

★★★ In a report on owls, paragraph 2 is about food and paragraph 3 begins "Their sharp claws are not only for hunting." Why is that a clever link?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: paragraph, ★ ★ ★, sharp claws · What happens: be, begin, not be · To what, where: clever link · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 37 «Paragraphs and cohesion: holding a text together» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ In a report on owls, paragraph 2 is about food and paragraph 3 begins "Their sharp claws are not only for hunting."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ★	compound
2	★	★	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ★	compound
3	★	★	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 begins	nsubj
4	In	in	ADP	_	6 report	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 report	det
6	report	report	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ★	nmod
7	on	on	ADP	_	8 owls	case
8	owls	owl	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 report	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 food	punct
10	paragraph	paragraph	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 food	nsubj
11	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 paragraph	flat
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 food	cop
13	about	about	ADP	_	14 food	case
14	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ★	conj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 paragraph	cc
16	paragraph	paragraph	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 food	conj
17	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	16 paragraph	flat
18	begins	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	27 hunting	punct
20	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 claws	nmod:poss
21	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 claws	amod
22	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 hunting	nsubj
23	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 hunting	cop
24	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	27 hunting	advmod
25	only	only	ADV	_	27 hunting	advmod
26	for	for	ADP	_	27 hunting	case
27	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 begins	ccomp
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	27 hunting	punct
29	"	"	PUNCT	_	27 hunting	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	paragraph					about food and paragraph	tree rules
2	begin	present	★ ★ ★ in a report on owls and food and paragraph						vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	not is in a quote	present	★'s sharp claws					for hunting	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is that a clever link?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 link	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 link	cop
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 link	mark
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 link	det
5	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 link	amod
6	link	link	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 link	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		a clever link					tree rules

The options

Option 1

It repeats the title of the whole report

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 repeats	nsubj
2	repeats	repeat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 title	det
4	title	title	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 repeats	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 report	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 report	det
7	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 report	amod
8	report	report	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 title	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	repeat	present	It	the title of the whole report					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent title=Eventuality
2	title			the whole report					nom title «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

It shows the report has ended

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 report	det
4	report	report	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ended	nsubj:pass
5	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 ended	aux
6	ended	end	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 shows	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	It						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	end	present · perfect · passive		the report					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It joins the food idea to the new topic of body

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 joins	nsubj
2	joins	join	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 idea	det
4	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 idea	compound
5	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 joins	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	9 topic	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 topic	det
8	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 topic	amod
9	topic	topic	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 joins	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 body	case
11	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 topic	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	join	present	It	the food idea				to the new topic of body	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent idea=Patient to topic=Co-Patient

Option 4

It starts a new story about owls

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 starts	nsubj
2	starts	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 story	det
4	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 story	amod
5	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 starts	obj
6	about	about	ADP	_	7 owls	case
7	owls	owl	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 story	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	present	It	a new story				about owls	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/37-paragraphs-and-cohesion-holding-a-text-together/t9/