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Test 10 · ★ · Openings that hook the reader

A Gen Z cousin says "Starting with the plot twist is lowkey iconic." ("Lowkey" means a bit secretly, "iconic" means amazing.) What technique is that?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Z cousin, Starting, Lowkey, iconic, technique · What happens: say, start, be, mean · To what, where: bit · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 40 «Openings that hook the reader» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A Gen Z cousin says "Starting with the plot twist is lowkey iconic."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 cousin	det
2	Gen	gen	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 Z	compound
3	Z	z	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cousin	compound
4	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 says	nsubj
5	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 Starting	punct
7	Starting	start	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 iconic	csubj
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 twist	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 twist	det
10	plot	plot	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 twist	compound
11	twist	twist	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 Starting	obl
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 iconic	cop
13	lowkey	lowkey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 iconic	amod
14	iconic	iconic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 says	ccomp
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 iconic	punct
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 iconic	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a Z cousin						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	start in a quote	gerund						with the plot twist	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with twist=Subeventuality
3	is in a quote	present	Starting					iconic property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: ("Lowkey" means a bit secretly, "iconic" means amazing.)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct
2	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 Lowkey	punct
3	Lowkey	Lowkey	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 means	nsubj
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 Lowkey	punct
5	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 bit	det
7	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 means	obj
8	secretly	secretly	ADV	_	7 bit	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 means	punct
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 iconic	punct
11	iconic	iconic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 means	nsubj
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 iconic	punct
13	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 means	conj
14	amazing	amazing	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 means	xcomp
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct
16	)	)	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Lowkey	a bit					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bit=Topic
2	mean	present	iconic					amazing property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Sentence 3: What technique is that?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	technique	technique	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
4	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	technique						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Starting in the middle of the action

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Starting	start	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 middle	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 middle	det
4	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Starting	obl
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 action	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 action	det
7	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 middle	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	gerund				the middle of the action			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 2

Starting with "Dear diary" and the date

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Starting	start	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	with	with	ADP	_	5 diary	case
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 diary	punct
4	Dear	dear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 diary	amod
5	diary	diary	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Starting	obl
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 diary	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 date	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 date	det
9	date	date	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 diary	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	gerund						with Dear diary and the date	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with diary=Subeventuality

Option 3

Starting with a fairy-tale line

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Starting	start	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	with	with	ADP	_	7 line	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 line	det
4	fairy	fairy	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tale	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 fairy	punct
6	tale	tale	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 line	compound
7	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Starting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	gerund						with a tale line	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with line=Subeventuality

Option 4

Starting with a long list of the weather

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Starting	start	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	with	with	ADP	_	5 list	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 list	det
4	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 list	amod
5	list	list	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Starting	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 weather	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 weather	det
8	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 list	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	gerund						with a long list of the weather	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with list=Subeventuality
2	list			the weather					nom list «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/40-openings-that-hook-the-reader/t10/