Test 8 · ★ · Describing: senses, showing and precise words A lad in Cardiff says "It was lush." ("Lush" means lovely in Wales.) His teacher asks him to show it. Which works?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: lad, Lush, teacher · What happens: say, be, mean, ask, show, work · To what, where: Lush, teacher · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 41 «Describing: senses, showing and precise words» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: A lad in Cardiff says "It was lush."
det nsubj case nmod punct nsubj cop ccomp punct punct root A DET lad NOUN in ADP Cardiff PROPN says VERB " PUNCT It PRON was AUX lush ADJ . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lad det 2 lad lad NOUN Number=Sing 5 says nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 Cardiff case 4 Cardiff Cardiff PROPN Number=Sing 2 lad nmod 5 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 " " PUNCT _ 9 lush punct 7 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 lush nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 lush cop 9 lush lush ADJ Degree=Pos 5 says ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 lush punct 11 " " PUNCT _ 9 lush punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present a lad in Cardiff vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is in a quote past lad lush property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("Lush" means lovely in Wales.)
punct punct nsubj punct xcomp case obl punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Lush PROPN " PUNCT means VERB lovely ADJ in ADP Wales PROPN . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Lush punct 3 Lush Lush PROPN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 Lush punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 lovely lovely ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means xcomp 7 in in ADP _ 8 Wales case 8 Wales Wales PROPN Number=Sing 6 lovely obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct 10 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Lush lovely property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Sentence 3: His teacher asks him to show it.
nmod:poss nsubj obj mark xcomp obj punct root His PRON teacher NOUN asks VERB him PRON to PART show VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 teacher nmod:poss 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 asks nsubj 3 asks ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 asks obj 5 to to PART _ 6 show mark 6 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 asks xcomp 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 show obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 asks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask present Lush's teacher Lush vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic 2 show not said to happen to-infinitive Lush's teacher not said here teacher vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient
Sentence 4: Which works?
nsubj punct root Which PRON works VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Which which PRON PronType=Rel 2 works nsubj 2 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 works punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work present vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice Lush is a Welsh word that means lovely.
nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl xcomp punct root Lush NOUN is AUX a DET Welsh ADJ word NOUN that PRON means VERB lovely ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lush lush NOUN Number=Sing 5 word nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 word cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 word det 4 Welsh welsh ADJ Degree=Pos 5 word amod 5 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 means nsubj 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 word acl:relcl 8 lovely lovely ADJ Degree=Pos 7 means xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Lush a Welsh word tree rules 2 mean present a Welsh word lovely property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer Waves fizzed on the shells and the air tasted of salt.
nsubj case det obl cc det nsubj conj case obl punct root Waves NOUN fizzed VERB on ADP the DET shells NOUN and CCONJ the DET air NOUN tasted VERB of ADP salt NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Waves wave NOUN Number=Plur 2 fizzed nsubj 2 fizzed fizz VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 shells case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 shells det 5 shells shell NOUN Number=Plur 2 fizzed obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 tasted cc 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 air det 8 air air NOUN Number=Sing 9 tasted nsubj 9 tasted taste VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 fizzed conj 10 of of ADP _ 11 salt case 11 salt salt NOUN Number=Sing 9 tasted obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 fizzed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fizz past Waves the shells vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on shell=Location 2 taste past the air of salt vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Option 3 It was very lush indeed, honestly lush.
nsubj cop advmod advmod punct advmod conj punct root It PRON was AUX very ADV lush ADJ indeed ADV , PUNCT honestly ADV lush ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 lush nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 lush cop 3 very very ADV _ 4 lush advmod 4 lush lush ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 indeed indeed ADV _ 4 lush advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 lush punct 7 honestly honestly ADV _ 8 lush advmod 8 lush lush ADJ Degree=Pos 4 lush conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 lush punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past It indeed, lush property tree rules 2 be honestly property tree rules
Option 4 It was lush and lush and really lush.
nsubj cop cc conj cc advmod conj punct root It PRON was AUX lush ADJ and CCONJ lush ADJ and CCONJ really ADV lush VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 lush nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 lush cop 3 lush lush ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 lush cc 5 lush lush ADJ Degree=Pos 3 lush conj 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 lush cc 7 really really ADV _ 8 lush advmod 8 lush lush VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 lush conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 lush punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past It lush property tree rules 2 be tree rules 3 lush infinitive tree rules
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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