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Test 10 · Poetry: rhyme and rhythm

A Welsh nan says "Lush little poem, cariad." ("Lush" means lovely, "cariad" means love.) The poem is "Rain on the roof, rain on the road, / Rain on the back of a dripping toad." Which words rhyme?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Welsh nan, Lush, cariad, poem, words · What happens: say, mean, be, drip, rhyme · To what, where: love, Rain, roof · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 of lesson 45 «Poetry: rhyme and rhythm» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A Welsh nan says "Lush little poem, cariad."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 nan	det
2	Welsh	welsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 nan	amod
3	nan	nan	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 poem	punct
6	Lush	lush	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 poem	amod
7	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 poem	amod
8	poem	poem	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	ccomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 cariad	punct
10	cariad	cariad	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 poem	conj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 poem	punct
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 poem	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a Welsh nan						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: ("Lush" means lovely, "cariad" means love.)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct
2	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 Lush	punct
3	Lush	Lush	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 means	nsubj
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 Lush	punct
5	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	lovely	lovely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 means	xcomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 means	punct
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 cariad	punct
9	cariad	cariad	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 means	nsubj
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 cariad	punct
11	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 means	conj
12	love	love	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 means	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct
14	)	)	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Lush					lovely property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	mean	present	cariad	love					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent love=Topic

Sentence 3: The poem is "Rain on the roof, rain on the road, / Rain on the back of a dripping toad."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 poem	det
2	poem	poem	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 Rain	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 Rain	cop
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 Rain	punct
5	Rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 roof	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 roof	det
8	roof	roof	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 Rain	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 rain	punct
10	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 roof	conj
11	on	on	ADP	_	13 road	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 road	det
13	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 rain	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 Rain	punct
15	/	/	SYM	_	16 Rain	cc
16	Rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 Rain	conj
17	on	on	ADP	_	19 back	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 back	det
19	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 Rain	nmod
20	of	of	ADP	_	23 toad	case
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 toad	det
22	dripping	drip	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	23 toad	amod
23	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 back	nmod
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 Rain	punct
25	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 Rain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	the poem	Rain / Rain on the back of a dripping toad		the roof and rain on the road			tree rules
2	drip in a quote	gerund							vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source

Sentence 4: Which words rhyme?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 words	det
2	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 rhyme	nsubj
3	rhyme	rhyme	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 rhyme	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rhyme	present	which words						vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

The options

Option 1

back and dripping

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	back	back	ADV	_	root	root
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 dripping	cc
3	dripping	drip	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 back	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drip	gerund							vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

rain and roof

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 roof	cc
3	roof	roof	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 rain	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

road and toad

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 toad	cc
3	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 road	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

roof and road

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	roof	roof	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 road	cc
3	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 roof	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/45-poetry-rhyme-and-rhythm/t10/