Test 3 · Spoken language: presenting and show-and-tell Bradley, Gen Alpha: "My talk's sigma, no cap, I don't need practice." ("No cap" means no lie; "sigma" is slang for cool and needing nobody.) What is true?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: I, My, cap, sigma · What happens: not need, talk, mean, be, need · To what, where: practice, lie, slang, nobody
This is test 3 of lesson 48 «Spoken language: presenting and show-and-tell» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Bradley, Gen Alpha: "My talk's sigma, no cap, I don't need practice."
vocative punct compound appos punct punct nmod:poss nmod:poss case appos punct det appos punct nsubj aux advmod obj punct punct root Bradley PROPN , PUNCT Gen PROPN Alpha PROPN : PUNCT " PUNCT My PRON talk NOUN 's PART sigma NOUN , PUNCT no DET cap NOUN , PUNCT I PRON do AUX n't PART need VERB practice NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bradley Bradley PROPN Number=Sing 18 need vocative 2 , , PUNCT _ 4 Alpha punct 3 Gen Gen PROPN Number=Sing 4 Alpha compound 4 Alpha Alpha PROPN Number=Sing 1 Bradley appos 5 : : PUNCT _ 10 sigma punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 10 sigma punct 7 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 talk nmod:poss 8 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 10 sigma nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 talk case 10 sigma sigma NOUN Number=Sing 1 Bradley appos 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 cap punct 12 no no DET PronType=Neg 13 cap det 13 cap cap NOUN Number=Sing 10 sigma appos 14 , , PUNCT _ 1 Bradley punct 15 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 18 need nsubj 16 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 need aux 17 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 18 need advmod 18 need need VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 19 practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 18 need obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 18 need punct 21 " " PUNCT _ 18 need punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not need in a quote present · do-support I practice Bradley vocative vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot practice=Theme 2 talk in a quote My nom talk «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("No cap" means no lie; "sigma" is slang for cool and needing nobody.)
punct punct det nsubj punct det obj punct punct nsubj punct cop parataxis case nmod cc conj obj punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT No DET cap NOUN " PUNCT means VERB no DET lie NOUN ; PUNCT " PUNCT sigma NOUN " PUNCT is AUX slang NOUN for ADP cool ADJ and CCONJ needing VERB nobody PRON . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 4 cap punct 3 No no DET PronType=Neg 4 cap det 4 cap cap NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 5 " " PUNCT _ 4 cap punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 no no DET PronType=Neg 8 lie det 8 lie lie NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obj 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 slang punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 11 sigma punct 11 sigma sigma NOUN Number=Sing 14 slang nsubj 12 " " PUNCT _ 11 sigma punct 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 slang cop 14 slang slang NOUN Number=Sing 6 means parataxis 15 for for ADP _ 16 cool case 16 cool cool ADJ Degree=Pos 14 slang nmod 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 needing cc 18 needing need VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 16 cool conj 19 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 18 needing obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct 21 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present no cap no lie vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lie=Topic 2 is a present sigma slang for cool tree rules 3 need gerund sigma not said here nobody vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot nobody=Theme
Sentence 3: What is true?
nsubj cop punct root What PRON is AUX true ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 true nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 true cop 3 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 true punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present true property tree rules
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice Confident people never need to rehearse
amod nsubj advmod mark xcomp root Confident ADJ people NOUN never ADV need VERB to PART rehearse VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Confident confident ADJ Degree=Pos 2 people amod 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 need nsubj 3 never never ADV PronType=Neg 4 need advmod 4 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 rehearse mark 6 rehearse rehearse VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 need xcomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not need present Confident people vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 rehearse not said to happen to-infinitive Confident people not said here vn rehearse-26.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Option 2 Practising makes a talk sound worse
nsubj det compound obj xcomp root Practising VERB makes VERB a DET talk NOUN sound NOUN worse ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Practising practise VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 makes nsubj 2 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 sound det 4 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 5 sound compound 5 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes obj 6 worse bad ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 makes xcomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 practise gerund tree rules 2 make present a talk sound bad property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product
Option 3 Practice is only for nervous people
nsubj cop advmod case amod root Practice NOUN is AUX only ADV for ADP nervous ADJ people NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 6 people nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 people cop 3 only only ADV _ 6 people advmod 4 for for ADP _ 6 people case 5 nervous nervous ADJ Degree=Pos 6 people amod 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur root root
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Practice for nervous people tree rules
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer Even confident speakers improve with practice
advmod amod nsubj case obl root Even ADV confident ADJ speakers NOUN improve VERB with ADP practice NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Even even ADV _ 3 speakers advmod 2 confident confident ADJ Degree=Pos 3 speakers amod 3 speakers speaker NOUN Number=Plur 4 improve nsubj 4 improve improve VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 with with ADP _ 6 practice case 6 practice practice NOUN Number=Sing 4 improve obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 improve present confident speakers with practice vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with practice=Instrument
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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