Exam question 3 · Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up

It is given that a pupil of six years frequently reverses the letters b and d. Select the response consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: pupil, letters, d. · What happens: give, reverse, b, select, establish · To what, where: It, response

This is exam question 3 of lesson 5 «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 reverses	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 pupil	det
6	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 reverses	nsubj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 years	case
8	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 years	nummod
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 pupil	nmod
10	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	11 reverses	advmod
11	reverses	reverse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 letters	det
13	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 b	nsubj
14	b	b	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 reverses	ccomp
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 Select	cc
16	d.	D.	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 Select	nsubj
17	Select	select	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 b	conj
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 response	det
19	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 Select	obj
20	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 response	amod
21	with	with	ADP	_	24 facts	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 facts	det
23	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	24 facts	amod
24	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 consistent	obl
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	reverse	present	a pupil of six years		frequently property	tree rules
3	b	present	the letters			tree rules
4	select	infinitive	d.	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
5	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Such reversals are common at that age and do not of themselves indicate dyslexia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 reversals	amod
2	reversals	reversal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 common	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 common	cop
4	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 age	case
6	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 age	det
7	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 common	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 do	cc
9	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 common	conj
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 indicate	advmod
11	of	of	SCONJ	_	13 indicate	mark
12	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	13 indicate	nsubj
13	indicate	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 do	advcl
14	dyslexia	dyslexia	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 indicate	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Such reversals		at that age	common property	tree rules
2	do	infinitive	Such reversals not said here				vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	not indicate	present	reversals = reversal	dyslexia			vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot dyslexia=Topic

Option 2

Such reversals conclusively demonstrate the presence of dyslexia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 reversals	amod
2	reversals	reversal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 demonstrate	nsubj
3	conclusively	conclusively	ADV	_	4 demonstrate	advmod
4	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 presence	det
6	presence	presence	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 demonstrate	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 dyslexia	case
8	dyslexia	dyslexia	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 presence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	demonstrate	present	Such reversals	the presence of dyslexia				conclusively property	vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot presence=Topic

Option 3

Such reversals indicate a defect of eyesight requiring immediate treatment

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 reversals	amod
2	reversals	reversal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 indicate	nsubj
3	indicate	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 defect	det
5	defect	defect	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 indicate	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 eyesight	case
7	eyesight	eyesight	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 defect	nmod
8	requiring	require	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 eyesight	acl
9	immediate	immediate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 treatment	amod
10	treatment	treatment	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 requiring	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	present	Such reversals	a defect of eyesight					vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot defect=Topic
2	require	gerund	eyesight not said here	immediate treatment					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme treatment=Precondition

Option 4

Such reversals are unknown among pupils of that age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 reversals	amod
2	reversals	reversal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 unknown	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 unknown	cop
4	unknown	unknown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	among	among	ADP	_	6 pupils	case
6	pupils	pupil	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 unknown	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 age	case
8	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	9 age	det
9	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pupils	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Such reversals					among pupils of that age; unknown property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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