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Test 7 · Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up

«lush that, cariad, but why've you got capitals in the middle?» What should the child fix?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, child · What happens: lush, get, fix · To what, where: that, capitals, middle

This is test 7 of lesson 5 «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «lush that, cariad, but why've you got capitals in the middle?»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 lush	punct
2	lush	lush	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 lush	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 cariad	punct
5	cariad	cariad	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lush	vocative
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 got	punct
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	11 got	cc
8	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	11 got	advmod
9	've	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 got	aux
10	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 got	nsubj
11	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 lush	conj
12	capitals	capital	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 got	obj
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 middle	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 middle	det
15	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 got	obl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 lush	punct
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 lush	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lush in a quote	imperative	you not said here	that				cariad vocative	tree rules
2	get in a quote	present	you	capitals		the middle			vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer capital=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What should the child fix?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 fix	obj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 fix	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 child	det
4	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fix	nsubj
5	fix	fix	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 fix	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fix	should	the child						vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent what=Patient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Make every letter a capital

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	3 letter	det
3	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Make	obj
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 capital	det
5	capital	capital	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Make	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	imperative	you not said here	every letter					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset letter=Product

Option 2

Remove all capital letters, even at the start

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Remove	remove	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 letters	det
3	capital	capital	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 letters	amod
4	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Remove	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 start	punct
6	even	even	ADV	_	9 start	advmod
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 start	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 start	det
9	start	start	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Remove	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remove	imperative	you not said here	all capital letters					vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Use capitals only at the start of sentences and names

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Use	use	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	capitals	capital	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Use	obj
3	only	only	ADV	_	6 start	advmod
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 start	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 start	det
6	start	start	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Use	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 sentences	case
8	sentences	sentence	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 start	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 names	cc
10	names	name	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 sentences	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	imperative	you not said here	capitals		the start of sentences and names			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capital=Patient
2	start			sentences and names					nom start «event transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

Put capitals at the end of words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	capitals	capital	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Put	obj
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 end	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 end	det
5	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Put	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 words	case
7	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 end	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	imperative	you not said here	capitals			at the end of words		vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent capital=Theme at end=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/t7/