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Test 11 · ★ · SATs: grammar, punctuation and spelling paper

"Quickly, the boy, who was late, ran to school." Which word is the adverb, and where is it?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy, word · What happens: be, run · To what, where: adverb

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 52 «SATs: grammar, punctuation and spelling paper» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: "Quickly, the boy, who was late, ran to school."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 boy	punct
2	Quickly	quickly	ADV	_	5 boy	advmod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Quickly	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 boy	det
5	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 ran	nsubj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 late	punct
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 late	nsubj
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 late	cop
9	late	late	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 boy	acl:relcl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 ran	punct
11	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	to	to	ADP	_	13 school	case
13	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 ran	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 ran	punct
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 ran	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	past	the boy					late property	tree rules
2	run in a quote	past	the boy					to school result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to school=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which word is the adverb, and where is it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 word	det
2	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 adverb	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 adverb	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 adverb	det
5	adverb	adverb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 where	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 where	cc
8	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	5 adverb	conj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 where	cop
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 where	nsubj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 adverb	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	which word	the adverb					tree rules
2	is	present	word					where property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

"school", at the end

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 school	punct
2	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 school	punct
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 end	punct
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 end	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 end	det
7	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 school	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

"late", in the middle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 late	punct
2	late	late	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 middle	csubj
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 late	punct
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 middle	punct
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 middle	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 middle	det
7	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

"boy", fronted at the start

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 boy	punct
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 boy	punct
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 fronted	punct
5	fronted	front	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 boy	acl
6	at	at	ADP	_	8 start	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 start	det
8	start	start	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fronted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	front	participle		boy not said here		the start			tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

"Quickly", fronted at the start

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Quickly	punct
2	Quickly	quickly	ADV	_	5 fronted	advmod
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Quickly	punct
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 fronted	punct
5	fronted	front	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	at	at	ADP	_	8 start	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 start	det
8	start	start	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fronted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	front	participle				the start		quickly property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/52-sats-grammar-punctuation-and-spelling-paper/t11/