Exam question 1 · Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages

Identify the principle stated to govern UKLO puzzles concerning prior knowledge of the language.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, principle, UKLO puzzles · What happens: identify, state, govern, concern · To what, where: UKLO puzzles, prior knowledge

This is exam question 1 of lesson 58 «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 principle	det
3	principle	principle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 stated	nsubj
4	stated	state	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	ccomp
5	to	to	PART	_	6 govern	mark
6	govern	govern	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 stated	xcomp
7	UKLO	UKLO	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 puzzles	compound
8	puzzles	puzzle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 govern	obj
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 puzzles	acl
10	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 knowledge	amod
11	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 language	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 language	det
14	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 knowledge	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	state speech: other	past	the principle		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	govern	to-infinitive	the principle not said here	UKLO puzzles	vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent puzzle=Theme
4	concern	gerund	UKLO puzzles not said here	prior knowledge of the language	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus knowledge=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Fluency in the language is presupposed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fluency	fluency	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 presupposed	nsubj:pass
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 language	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 language	det
4	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Fluency	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 presupposed	aux:pass
6	presupposed	presuppose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	presuppose	present · passive		Fluency in the language					tree rules

Option 2

A knowledge of Latin is essential

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 knowledge	det
2	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 essential	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 Latin	case
4	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 knowledge	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 essential	cop
6	essential	essential	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a knowledge of Latin					essential property	tree rules

Option 3

A dictionary of the language is permitted

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 dictionary	det
2	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 permitted	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 language	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 language	det
5	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dictionary	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 permitted	aux:pass
7	permitted	permit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	permit	present · passive		a dictionary of the language					vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

All that is required is contained in the data

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 contained	nsubj:pass
2	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 required	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 required	aux:pass
4	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 All	acl:relcl
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 contained	aux:pass
6	contained	contain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 data	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 data	det
9	data	data	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 contained	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive							vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition
2	contain	present · passive		All		the data			vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Value in data=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/e1/