Test 11 · ★★★ · Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages
Kel: Josh says 20 is "lan mu". Check against the data. How do you really say 20?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Kel, 20, you · What happens: say, be, check · To what, where: lan mu, data, 20 · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 58 «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Kel: Josh says 20 is "lan mu".
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kel | Kel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 says | nsubj |
| 2 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 says | punct |
| 3 | Josh | Josh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 says | nsubj |
| 4 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 mu | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 mu | cop |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 mu | punct |
| 8 | lan | lan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 mu | compound |
| 9 | mu | mu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 says | ccomp |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 mu | punct |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Kel | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | 20 | lan mu | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Check against the data.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Check | check | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | against | against | ADP | _ | 4 data | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 data | det |
| 4 | data | data | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Check | obl |
| 5 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Check | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | check | imperative | you not said here | the data | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent against data=Location |
Sentence 3: How do you really say 20?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 say | advmod |
| 2 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 say | aux |
| 3 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 5 say | nsubj |
| 4 | really | really | ADV | _ | 5 say | advmod |
| 5 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 say | obj |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 say | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present · do-support | you | 20 | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent 20=Topic |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
lan mu
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lan | lan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 mu | compound |
| 2 | mu | mu | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
ki lan ki
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ki | ki | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lan | compound |
| 2 | lan | lan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ki | compound |
| 3 | ki | ki | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
mu lan
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mu | mu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lan | compound |
| 2 | lan | lan | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
ro lan mu
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ro | ro | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lan | compound |
| 2 | lan | lan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 mu | compound |
| 3 | mu | mu | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/t11/