Test 10 · ★★★ · Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages
Mia's rule for Pirr is "lo means big". Which example proves her wrong?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: rule, Mia, example · What happens: be, rule, prove · To what, where: wrong
This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 58 «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Mia's rule for Pirr is "lo means big".
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mia | Mia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 rule | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Mia | case |
| 3 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 means | nsubj |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 Pirr | case |
| 5 | Pirr | Pirr | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 rule | nmod |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 means | cop |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 means | punct |
| 8 | lo | lo | INTJ | _ | 9 means | discourse |
| 9 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 means | xcomp |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 big | punct |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 means | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | Mia's rule for Pirr | big, mean property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | rule | Mia | for Pirr | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent for=obl |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Which example proves her wrong?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 2 example | det |
| 2 | example | example | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 proves | nsubj |
| 3 | proves | prove | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 wrong | nmod:poss |
| 5 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 proves | obj |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 proves | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | prove | present | which example | example's wrong | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wrong=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
bopir = big bird
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bopir | bopir | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | = | = | SYM | _ | 4 bird | punct |
| 3 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 bird | amod |
| 4 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 bopir | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
lopir = small bird
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lopir | lopir | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | = | = | SYM | _ | 4 bird | punct |
| 3 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 bird | amod |
| 4 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 lopir | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
bomuk = big fish
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bomuk | bomuk | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | = | = | SYM | _ | 4 fish | punct |
| 3 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 fish | amod |
| 4 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 bomuk | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
She is right
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 right | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 right | cop |
| 3 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | She | right property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/t10/