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Test 1 · ★★★ · Olympiad: real languages and codes

Your mate says, "Swahili's like English, you just stick an -s on, innit: mtotos." Put him right.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: mate, Swahili, you · What happens: say, be, stick, put · To what, where: -s, Swahili · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★★★ of lesson 59 «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your mate says, "Swahili's like English, you just stick an -s on, innit: mtotos."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mate	nmod:poss
2	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 English	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 English	punct
6	Swahili	Swahili	PROPN	_	9 English	nsubj
7	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 English	cop
8	like	like	ADP	_	9 English	case
9	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 says	ccomp
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 stick	punct
11	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	13 stick	nsubj
12	just	just	ADV	_	13 stick	advmod
13	stick	stick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
14	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 -s	det
15	-s	-s	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 stick	obj
16	on	on	ADV	_	13 stick	advmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 innit	punct
18	innit	innit	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 stick	obl
19	:	:	PUNCT	_	20 mtotos	punct
20	mtotos	mtoto	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 innit	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 stick	punct
22	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 stick	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your mate						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	is in a quote	present	Swahili					like English	tree rules
3	stick in a quote	present	you	a -s				innit and mtotos obl	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent -s=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Put him right.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Put	obj
3	right	right	ADV	_	1 Put	advmod
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	imperative	you not said here		Swahili			right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Goal

The options

Option 1

It adds wa- in front: wamtoto

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 adds	nsubj
2	adds	add	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	wa	wa	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 adds	obj
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 wa	punct
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 front	case
6	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 adds	obl
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 wamtoto	punct
8	wamtoto	wamtoto	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 front	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	present	It	wa		front and wamtoto			vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wa=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Swahili changes the start: watoto

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Swahili	Swahili	PROPN	_	2 changes	nsubj
2	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 start	det
4	start	start	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 changes	obj
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 watoto	punct
6	watoto	watoto	X	Foreign=Yes	2 changes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	Swahili	the start					tree rules

Option 3

It is made by doubling: mtoto-mtoto

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 made	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 made	aux:pass
3	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 doubling	case
5	doubling	doubling	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obl
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 mtoto	punct
7	mtoto	mtoto	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 mtoto	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 mtoto	punct
9	mtoto	mtoto	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive	doubling	It				mtoto mtoto obl	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product

Option 4

He is right: the plural is mtotos

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 mtotos	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 plural	det
6	plural	plural	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 mtotos	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 mtotos	cop
8	mtotos	mtoto	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 right	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	is a	present	the plural	mtotos					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/t1/