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Test 2 · ★ · Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones

«baby changes to babies so day must change to dayies». What is the slip?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: baby, day, slip · What happens: change, be

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 6 «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «baby changes to babies so day must change to dayies».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 changes	punct
2	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 changes	nsubj
3	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 babies	case
5	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 changes	obl
6	so	so	SCONJ	_	9 change	mark
7	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 change	nsubj
8	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 change	aux
9	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 changes	advcl
10	to	to	ADP	_	11 dayies	case
11	dayies	dayy	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 change	obl
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 dayies	punct
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 changes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change in a quote	present	baby					to babies result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to baby=Result
2	change in a quote	must	day					to dayies result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to dayy=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the slip?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 slip	det
4	slip	slip	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the slip						tree rules

The options

Option 1

Nothing, «dayies» is right

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	7 right	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 dayies	punct
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 dayies	punct
4	dayies	dayy	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Nothing	appos
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 dayies	punct
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 right	cop
7	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Nothing					right property	tree rules

Option 2

It should be «daies», not «dayies»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 daies	nsubj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 daies	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 daies	cop
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 daies	punct
5	daies	daie	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 daies	punct
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 dayies	punct
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 dayies	advmod
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 dayies	punct
10	dayies	dayy	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 daies	conj
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 dayies	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	should	It	daies and dayies					tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

«Day» has a vowel before y, so it just adds -s: days

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Day	punct
2	Day	Day	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 has	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Day	punct
4	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 vowel	det
6	vowel	vowel	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 has	obj
7	before	before	ADP	_	8 y	case
8	y	y	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 vowel	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 adds	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	13 adds	advmod
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 adds	nsubj
12	just	just	ADV	_	13 adds	advmod
13	adds	add	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 has	conj
14	-s	-	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 adds	obj
15	:	:	PUNCT	_	16 days	punct
16	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 has	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Day	a vowel			before y		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vowel=Patient
2	add speech: assert	present	vowel	-s					vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -=Patient

Option 4

«Day» has no plural at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Day	punct
2	Day	Day	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 has	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Day	punct
4	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 plural	det
6	plural	plural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 has	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 plural	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Day	no plural					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plural=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/6-spelling-plurals/t2/