Test 1 · ★ · Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones
«mate, it's 'two fishes and three sheeps', sounds right innit». Put him right.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: it, mate, you · What happens: be, sound, put · To what, where: two fishes, right innit, him
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 6 «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: «mate, it's 'two fishes and three sheeps', sounds right innit».
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 13 sounds | punct |
| 2 | mate | mate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 sounds | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 fishes | punct |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 fishes | nsubj |
| 5 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 fishes | cop |
| 6 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 8 fishes | punct |
| 7 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 fishes | nummod |
| 8 | fishes | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 mate | conj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 sheeps | cc |
| 10 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 sheeps | nummod |
| 11 | sheeps | sheep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 fishes | conj |
| 12 | ', | ', | PUNCT | _ | 11 sheeps | punct |
| 13 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 innit | amod |
| 15 | innit | innit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 sounds | obj |
| 16 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 13 sounds | punct |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 sounds | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | it | two fishes and three sheeps | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | sound in a quote | present | mate and two fishes and three sheeps | right innit | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location innit=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Put him right.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Put | put | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 Put | obj |
| 3 | right | right | ADV | _ | 1 Put | advmod |
| 4 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Put | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | put | imperative | you not said here | him = he | right property | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Goal |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
He's right, every noun adds -s or -es
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 right | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 right | cop |
| 3 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 adds | punct |
| 5 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 noun | det |
| 6 | noun | noun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 adds | nsubj |
| 7 | adds | add | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 right | conj |
| 8 | -s | - | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 adds | obj |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 11 es | cc |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 or | punct |
| 11 | es | e | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 -s | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | He | right property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | add speech: assert | present | every noun | -s or es | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -=Patient |
Option 2
It should be «fishs» and «sheepes»
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 fishs | nsubj |
| 2 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 fishs | aux |
| 3 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 fishs | cop |
| 4 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 5 fishs | punct |
| 5 | fishs | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 5 fishs | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 sheepes | cc |
| 8 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 9 sheepes | punct |
| 9 | sheepes | sheepe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fishs | conj |
| 10 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 5 fishs | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | should | It | fishs and sheepes | tree rules |
Option 3
It should be «fishies» and «sheepies»
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 fishies | nsubj |
| 2 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 fishies | aux |
| 3 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 fishies | cop |
| 4 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 5 fishies | punct |
| 5 | fishies | fishy | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 5 fishies | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 sheepies | cc |
| 8 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 9 sheepies | punct |
| 9 | sheepies | sheepy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fishies | conj |
| 10 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 5 fishies | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | should | It | fishies and sheepies | tree rules |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Usually «fish» and always «sheep»: they stay the same
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Usually | usually | ADV | _ | 3 fish | advmod |
| 2 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 3 fish | punct |
| 3 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 3 fish | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 sheep | cc |
| 6 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 8 sheep | advmod |
| 7 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 8 sheep | punct |
| 8 | sheep | sheep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 fish | conj |
| 9 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 8 sheep | punct |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 stay | punct |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 stay | nsubj |
| 12 | stay | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 fish | parataxis |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 same | det |
| 14 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 stay | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stay | present | sheep | the same | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme same=Location |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/6-spelling-plurals/t1/