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Test 4 · ★ · Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones

«every f word changes to ves, so it's rooves and cheves». What is true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: f word, word · What happens: change, be · To what, where: rooves

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 6 «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «every f word changes to ves, so it's rooves and cheves».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 changes	punct
2	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	4 word	det
3	f	f	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 word	compound
4	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 changes	nsubj
5	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 ves	case
7	ves	ve	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 changes	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 rooves	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	12 rooves	advmod
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 rooves	nsubj
11	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 rooves	cop
12	rooves	roove	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 ves	appos
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 cheves	cc
14	cheves	cheve	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 rooves	conj
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 rooves	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 changes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change in a quote	present	every f word					to ves result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to ve=Result
2	is a in a quote	present	word	rooves and cheves					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Many change, but «roofs» and «chefs» just add -s

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 change	amod
2	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 add	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 add	punct
4	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 add	cc
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 roofs	punct
6	roofs	roof	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 add	nsubj
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 roofs	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 chefs	cc
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 chefs	punct
10	chefs	chef	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 roofs	conj
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 roofs	punct
12	just	just	ADV	_	13 add	advmod
13	add	add	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
14	-s	-	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 add	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	infinitive	Many change	-s					vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

No f word ever changes to -ves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	3 word	det
2	f	f	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 word	compound
3	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 changes	nsubj
4	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	5 changes	advmod
5	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 ves	case
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 to	punct
8	ves	ve	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 changes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	no f word				ever	to ves result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to ve=Result

Option 3

Only animal words change to -ves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 words	advmod
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 words	compound
3	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 change	nsubj
4	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 ves	case
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 to	punct
7	ves	ve	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 change	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	animal words					to ves result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to ve=Result

Option 4

Every word ending in f changes to -ves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 word	det
2	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 changes	nsubj
3	ending	end	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 word	acl
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 f	case
5	f	f	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ending	obl
6	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 ves	case
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 to	punct
9	ves	ve	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 changes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	end	gerund	every word not said here			f			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	change	present	every word					to ves result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to ve=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/6-spelling-plurals/t4/