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Test 7 · ★ · Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones

Zoe asks if «arvos» is a real plural. What is the best answer?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Zoe, arvos, best answer · What happens: ask, be · To what, where: real plural

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 6 «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Zoe asks if «arvos» is a real plural.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Zoe	Zoe	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 asks	nsubj
2	asks	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	if	if	SCONJ	_	10 plural	mark
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 arvos	punct
5	arvos	arvo	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 plural	nsubj
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 arvos	punct
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 plural	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 plural	det
9	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 plural	amod
10	plural	plural	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 asks	ccomp
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 asks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	present	Zoe						vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a a condition, not said to happen	present	arvos	a real plural					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the best answer?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 answer	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 answer	amod
5	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the best answer						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

No, slang words can never be plural

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	8 plural	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	slang	slang	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 words	compound
4	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 plural	nsubj
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 plural	aux
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 plural	advmod
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 plural	cop
8	plural	plural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	can	slang words					plural property	tree rules

Option 2

No, the plural is «arvoes», like potatoes and tomatoes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	7 arvoes	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 plural	det
4	plural	plural	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 arvoes	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 arvoes	cop
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 arvoes	punct
7	arvoes	arvoe	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
8	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 arvoes	punct
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 potatoes	punct
10	like	like	ADP	_	11 potatoes	case
11	potatoes	potato	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 arvoes	appos
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 tomatoes	cc
13	tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 potatoes	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	the plural	arvoes					tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Yes, slang follows plural rules, but write «afternoons» at school

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	3 slang	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	slang	slang	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 follows	nsubj
4	follows	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	plural	plural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 rules	amod
6	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 follows	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 write	punct
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 write	cc
9	write	write	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 follows	conj
10	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 afternoons	punct
11	afternoons	afternoon	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 write	obj
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 afternoons	punct
13	at	at	ADP	_	14 school	case
14	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 write	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	present	slang	plural rules					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme
2	write	infinitive	slang not said here			school	afternoon		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Yes, and use it in every school essay

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 use	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 use	punct
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 use	cc
4	use	use	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 use	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 essay	case
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 essay	det
8	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 essay	compound
9	essay	essay	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 use	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	imperative	you not said here	it		every school essay			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/6-spelling-plurals/t7/