Test 8 · ★ · Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones

«potatoes, tomatoes, so it's photoes and pianoes too, sound». What is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: it · What happens: be · To what, where: photoes

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 6 «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «potatoes, tomatoes, so it's photoes and pianoes too, sound».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 potatoes	punct
2	potatoes	potato	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 tomatoes	punct
4	tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 potatoes	conj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 photoes	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	9 photoes	advmod
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 photoes	nsubj
8	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 photoes	cop
9	photoes	photoe	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 potatoes	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 pianoes	cc
11	pianoes	pianoe	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 photoes	conj
12	too	too	ADV	_	9 photoes	advmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 sound	punct
14	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 potatoes	conj
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 potatoes	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 potatoes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	it	photoes and pianoes					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He's right, all words that end in o add -es in the plural

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 words	punct
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 words	det
6	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 add	nsubj
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 end	nsubj
8	end	end	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 words	acl:relcl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 o	case
10	o	o	NOUN	_	8 end	obl
11	add	add	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 right	parataxis
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 es	punct
13	es	e	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 add	obj
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 plural	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 plural	det
16	plural	plural	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 add	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	He			right property	tree rules
2	end	present	all words		o		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	add speech: assert	infinitive	all words	es	the plural		vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent e=Patient

Option 2

All o-words just add -s, even potatos

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 words	det
2	o	o	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 words	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 o	punct
4	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 add	nsubj
5	just	just	ADV	_	6 add	advmod
6	add	add	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	-s	-	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 add	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 potatos	punct
9	even	even	ADV	_	10 potatos	advmod
10	potatos	potato	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 -s	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	present	all o words	-s and potatos					vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Those two just add -s: photos and pianos

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	2 two	det
2	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 add	nsubj
3	just	just	ADV	_	4 add	advmod
4	add	add	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	-s	-	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 add	obj
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 photos	punct
7	photos	photo	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 add	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 pianos	cc
9	pianos	piano	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 photos	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	present	that two	-s				photos and pianos obl	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -=Patient

Option 4

Only food words end in -o

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 words	advmod
2	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 words	compound
3	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 end	nsubj
4	end	end	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 o	case
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 in	punct
7	o	o	NOUN	_	4 end	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	end	present	food words			o			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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