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Test 1 · ★★ · Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e

«I was hopping you'd come» says a birthday card. What did the writer mean, and what's the fix?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: birthday card, you, writer · What happens: hop, come, say, do, mean, be · To what, where: writer, fix · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «I was hopping you'd come» says a birthday card.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 hopping	punct
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 hopping	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 hopping	aux
4	hopping	hop	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 says	ccomp
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 come	nsubj
6	'd	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 come	aux
7	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 hopping	ccomp
8	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 hopping	punct
9	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 card	det
11	birthday	birthday	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 card	compound
12	card	card	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 says	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hop in a quote	past · progressive	a birthday card = card						tree rules
2	come in a quote	would	you						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	say speech: assert	present	a birthday card						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What did the writer mean, and what's the fix?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 did	nsubj
2	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 writer	det
4	writer	writer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 did	obj
5	mean	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 writer	acl:relcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 fix	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 fix	cc
8	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	11 fix	nsubj
9	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 fix	cop
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 fix	det
11	fix	fix	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 did	advcl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 did	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past		the writer					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writer=Eventuality
2	mean	present	the writer not said here						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	is a	present		the fix					tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Wishing, so «hopeing» with an e

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wishing	wish	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 hopeing	punct
3	so	so	ADV	_	5 hopeing	advmod
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 hopeing	punct
5	hopeing	hope	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Wishing	conj
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 hopeing	punct
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 e	case
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 e	det
9	e	e	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Wishing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wish	gerund						with a e	vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
2	hope in a quote	gerund							vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Wishing, so «hoping» with one p

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wishing	wish	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 hoping	punct
3	so	so	ADV	_	5 hoping	advmod
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 hoping	punct
5	hoping	hope	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Wishing	ccomp
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 hoping	punct
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 p	case
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 p	nummod
9	p	p	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Wishing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wish	gerund						with one p	vn wish-62 «NP V that S»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	hope in a quote	gerund							vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot

Option 3

Jumping, so «hoping» is wrong

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jumping	jump	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 wrong	csubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 hoping	punct
3	so	so	ADV	_	5 hoping	advmod
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 hoping	punct
5	hoping	hope	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Jumping	ccomp
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 hoping	punct
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 wrong	cop
8	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump	gerund							tree rules
2	hope in a quote	gerund							vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot
3	is	present	Jumping					wrong property	tree rules

Option 4

Jumping, so the card is right

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jumping	jump	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 right	csubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 so	punct
3	so	so	ADV	_	1 Jumping	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 card	det
5	card	card	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Jumping	obj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 right	cop
7	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump	gerund		the card					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme card=Trajectory
2	is	present	Jumping					right property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/t1/