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Test 11 · ★★ · Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e

★★★ «Visit» becomes «visited». «Admit» becomes «admitted». Why the difference?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: ★ ★ ★ · What happens: become, visit, admit

This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ «Visit» becomes «visited».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ★	compound
2	★	★	X	_	3 ★	compound
3	★	★	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 becomes	nsubj
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 Visit	punct
5	Visit	visit	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ★	appos
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 Visit	punct
7	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 visited	punct
9	visited	visit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 becomes	xcomp
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 visited	punct
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 becomes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	present	★ ★ ★						tree rules
2	visit in a quote	participle	★ ★ ★ not said here						vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: «Admit» becomes «admitted».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Admit	punct
2	Admit	admit	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	4 becomes	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Admit	punct
4	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 admitted	punct
6	admitted	admit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 becomes	xcomp
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 admitted	punct
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 becomes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	admit speech: other in a quote	infinitive							vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	become	present							tree rules
3	admit speech: other in a quote	participle							vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent

Sentence 3: Why the difference?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Rel	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 difference	det
3	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Why	nsubj
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

ad-MIT is stressed at the end; VIS-it is not

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	ad	ad	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 MIT	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 ad	punct
3	MIT	mit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stressed	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 stressed	aux:pass
5	stressed	stress	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	at	at	ADP	_	8 end	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 end	det
8	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stressed	obl
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 VIS	punct
10	VIS	VIS	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 stressed	obl
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 is	punct
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 is	nsubj
13	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 stressed	conj
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 is	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stress	present · passive		ad MIT			at the end	VIS obl	vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination
2	not be	present	MIT						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

«Visit» is an irregular verb, like swim or run

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Visit	punct
2	Visit	visit	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 verb	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Visit	punct
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 verb	cop
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 verb	det
6	irregular	irregular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 verb	amod
7	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 swim	punct
9	like	like	ADP	_	10 swim	case
10	swim	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 verb	parataxis
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 run	cc
12	run	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 swim	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Visit	a irregular verb					tree rules
2	swim	present							vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	run	present							vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

There is no reason; it is random

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 is	expl
2	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 reason	det
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 is	nsubj
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 random	punct
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 random	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 random	cop
8	random	random	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 is	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	present	no reason			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	reason					random property	tree rules

Option 4

«Admit» is shorter than «visit»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Admit	punct
2	Admit	admit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shorter	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Admit	punct
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 shorter	cop
5	shorter	short	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 visit	case
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 visit	punct
8	visit	visit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shorter	obl
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 shorter	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Admit					than visit; short property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/t11/