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Exam question 4 · Endings that sound like «shun»: -tion, -sion, -ssion, -cian

It is given that the word «competishun» appears in a commercial advertisement. Ascertain the inference which may properly be drawn.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: word, you · What happens: give, appear, ascertain, draw · To what, where: It, commercial advertisement, inference

This is exam question 4 of lesson 8 «Endings that sound like «shun»: -tion, -sion, -ssion, -cian» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that the word «competishun» appears in a commercial advertisement.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 appears	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 word	det
6	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 appears	nsubj
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 competishun	punct
8	competishun	competishun	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 word	appos
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 competishun	punct
10	appears	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
11	in	in	ADP	_	14 advertisement	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 advertisement	det
13	commercial	commercial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 advertisement	amod
14	advertisement	advertisement	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 appears	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	appear	present	the word			a commercial advertisement			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in advertisement=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the inference which may properly be drawn.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 inference	det
3	inference	inference	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 drawn	nsubj:pass
5	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 drawn	aux
6	properly	properly	ADV	_	8 drawn	advmod
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 drawn	aux:pass
8	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 inference	acl:relcl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the inference					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inference=Topic
2	draw	may · passive		the inference				properly property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

The options

Option 1

The advertisement must be withdrawn by law

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 advertisement	det
2	advertisement	advertisement	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 withdrawn	nsubj:pass
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 withdrawn	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 withdrawn	aux:pass
5	withdrawn	withdraw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 law	case
7	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 withdrawn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	withdraw	must · passive	law	the advertisement					vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 2

The spelling is thereby established as correct

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 spelling	det
2	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 established	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 established	aux:pass
4	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	5 established	advmod
5	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	as	as	ADP	_	7 correct	case
7	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 established	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	establish	present · passive		the spelling				as correct; thereby property	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

The word has changed its spelling in recent years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 word	det
2	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 changed	nsubj
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 changed	aux
4	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 spelling	nmod:poss
6	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 changed	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 years	case
8	recent	recent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 years	amod
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 changed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present · perfect	the word	word's spelling			year		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spelling=Patient
2	spell		word						nom spelling «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The misspelling may be deliberate and does not establish the correct form

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 misspelling	det
2	misspelling	misspelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 deliberate	nsubj
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 deliberate	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 deliberate	cop
5	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 establish	cc
7	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 establish	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 establish	advmod
9	establish	establish	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 deliberate	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 form	det
11	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 form	amod
12	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 establish	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	may	the misspelling					deliberate property	tree rules
2	not establish	present · do-support	the misspelling not said here	the correct form					vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/8-endings-that-sound-like-shun/e4/