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Test 3 · ★★ · Endings that sound like «shun»: -tion, -sion, -ssion, -cian

«yer man's sign says competishun, so that's how ya spell it». What is true?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: sign, that, ya, man · What happens: say, be, spell, sign · To what, where: competishun · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 8 «Endings that sound like «shun»: -tion, -sion, -ssion, -cian» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «yer man's sign says competishun, so that's how ya spell it».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 says	punct
2	yer	yer	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 man	nmod:poss
3	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sign	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 man	case
5	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 says	nsubj
6	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	competishun	competishun	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 says	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 spell	punct
9	so	so	SCONJ	_	14 spell	mark
10	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	12 how	nsubj
11	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 how	cop
12	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	14 spell	advmod
13	ya	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	14 spell	nsubj
14	spell	spell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 says	ccomp
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 spell	obj
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 spell	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert in a quote	present	yer's man's sign	competishun					tree rules
2	is in a quote	present	that					how property	tree rules
3	spell in a quote	present	ya	competishun					vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
4	sign in a quote		yer's man						nom sign «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

It is the Irish spelling of the word

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 spelling	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 spelling	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 spelling	det
4	Irish	Irish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 spelling	amod
5	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 word	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 word	det
8	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 spelling	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the Irish spelling				of the word	tree rules

Option 2

Both spellings are fine in school work

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 spellings	det
2	spellings	spelling	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fine	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fine	cop
4	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 work	case
6	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 work	compound
7	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fine	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	both spellings			school work		fine property	tree rules

Option 3

Signs are always checked by an editor, so it must be right

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Signs	sign	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 checked	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 checked	aux:pass
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 checked	advmod
4	checked	check	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 editor	case
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 editor	det
7	editor	editor	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 checked	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 right	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	13 right	advmod
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 right	nsubj
11	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 right	aux
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 right	cop
13	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 checked	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	check	present · passive	a editor	Signs				always property	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	is	must	editor					right property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Ads can misspell on purpose; it's «competition»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ads	ad	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 misspell	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 misspell	aux
3	misspell	misspell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 purpose	case
5	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 misspell	obl
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 competition	punct
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 competition	nsubj
8	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 competition	cop
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 competition	punct
10	competition	competition	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 misspell	obl
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 competition	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	misspell	can	Ads			purpose			vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on purpose=Destination
2	is a in a quote	present	purpose	competition					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/8-endings-that-sound-like-shun/t3/