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Test 9 · ★ · Soft words for hard things: children's behaviour and schoo…

School psychologist: "Since his dad left, Toby has been acting out in class." What does it mean?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: dad, Toby, psychologist · What happens: leave, act out, mean · To what, where: School psychologist, class

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 15 «Soft words for hard things: children's behaviour and school reports and teachers» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: School psychologist: "Since his dad left, Toby has been acting out in class."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	School	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 psychologist	compound
2	psychologist	psychologist	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 left	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 left	punct
5	Since	since	SCONJ	_	8 left	mark
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 dad	nmod:poss
7	dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 left	nsubj
8	left	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 psychologist	acl:relcl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 acting	punct
10	Toby	Toby	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 acting	nsubj
11	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 acting	aux
12	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 acting	aux
13	acting	act	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 left	advcl
14	out	out	ADP	_	13 acting	compound:prt
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 class	case
16	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 acting	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 psychologist	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 psychologist	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave in a quote	past	his dad	School psychologist not said here					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent psychologist=Theme
2	act out in a quote	present · perfect · progressive	Toby			class			vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does it mean?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 mean	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 mean	nsubj
4	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present · do-support	psychologist						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Toby is often absent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toby	Toby	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 absent	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 absent	cop
3	often	often	ADV	_	4 absent	advmod
4	absent	absent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Toby					absent, often property	tree rules

Option 2

Toby acts very well

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toby	Toby	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 acts	nsubj
2	acts	act	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	very	very	ADV	_	4 well	advmod
4	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 acts	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	act	present	Toby					well property	vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Toby misbehaves because he is upset

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toby	Toby	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 misbehaves	nsubj
2	misbehaves	misbehave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	6 upset	mark
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 upset	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 upset	cop
6	upset	upset	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 misbehaves	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	misbehave	present	Toby						tree rules
2	is	present	Toby					upset property	tree rules

Option 4

Toby has a part in the school play

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toby	Toby	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 part	det
4	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 play	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 play	det
7	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 play	compound
8	play	play	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 part	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Toby	a part		the school play			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/15-behaviour-and-school-reports/t9/