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Test 9 · ★ · Soft words for hard things: politics and government spin

Sam says: "Tax relief means extra tax to help people." Is he right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Sam, Tax relief, relief · What happens: say, mean, help, be · To what, where: extra tax, people · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 24 «Soft words for hard things: politics and government spin» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Sam says: "Tax relief means extra tax to help people."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 means	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 relief	punct
5	Tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 relief	compound
6	relief	relief	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 means	nsubj
7	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
8	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 tax	amod
9	tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 means	obj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 help	mark
11	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 means	advcl
12	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 help	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Sam						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	mean in a quote	present	Tax relief	extra tax					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Topic
3	help in a quote	to-infinitive	Tax relief not said here		people				vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Is he right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	relief					right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Yes, it is a new tax

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 tax	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 tax	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 tax	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 tax	det
6	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 tax	amod
7	tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	it	a new tax					tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

No, it means no taxes at all ever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 means	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 means	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 means	nsubj
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 taxes	det
6	taxes	tax	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 means	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 taxes	nmod
9	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	4 means	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	it	no taxes		all	ever		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Topic

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

No, it means a tax cut

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 means	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 means	nsubj
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 cut	det
6	tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cut	compound
7	cut	cut	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 means	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	it	a tax cut					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cut=Topic

Option 4

Yes, it is a donation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 donation	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 donation	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 donation	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 donation	det
6	donation	donation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	it	a donation					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/24-government-spin/t9/