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Test 13 · ★ · Soft words for hard things: war, the military and violence

"We'll degrade their air defences," says the spokesman. What will really happen?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: We, spokesman, their · What happens: degrade, say, defend, happen · To what, where: air defences · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 13 · ★ of lesson 26 «Soft words for hard things: war, the military and violence» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: "We'll degrade their air defences," says the spokesman.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 degrade	punct
2	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 degrade	nsubj
3	'll	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 degrade	aux
4	degrade	degrade	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 says	ccomp
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 defences	nmod:poss
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 defences	compound
7	defences	defence	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 degrade	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 degrade	punct
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 degrade	punct
10	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 spokesman	det
12	spokesman	spokesman	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 says	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	degrade in a quote	future	We	their air defences					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent defence=Patient
2	say speech: assert	present	the spokesman						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	defend in a quote		their = they						nom defence «process transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What will really happen?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 happen	nsubj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 happen	aux
3	really	really	ADV	_	4 happen	advmod
4	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	future							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The defences will be given worse marks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 defences	det
2	defences	defence	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 given	nsubj:pass
3	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 given	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 given	aux:pass
5	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	worse	bad	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 marks	amod
7	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 given	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	future · passive		the defences					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient mark=Theme

Option 2

The defences will be bought

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 defences	det
2	defences	defence	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bought	nsubj:pass
3	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 bought	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 bought	aux:pass
5	bought	buy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	buy	future · passive		the defences					vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

The defences will be painted grey

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 defences	det
2	defences	defence	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 painted	nsubj:pass
3	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 painted	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 painted	aux:pass
5	painted	paint	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 painted	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	paint	future · passive		the defences				grey property	vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The defences will be bombed and destroyed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 defences	det
2	defences	defence	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bombed	nsubj:pass
3	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 bombed	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 bombed	aux:pass
5	bombed	bomb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 destroyed	cc
7	destroyed	destroy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 bombed	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bomb	future · passive		the defences					vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	destroy	participle							vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/26-war-and-the-military/t13/