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Test 3 · ★ · Soft words for hard things: crime, prison and the police

Shop owner: "Shrinkage cost us two thousand pounds this year." What happened?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Shrinkage · What happens: cost, happen · To what, where: thousand pounds, us

This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 27 «Soft words for hard things: crime, prison and the police» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Shop owner: "Shrinkage cost us two thousand pounds this year."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 owner	compound
2	owner	owner	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 cost	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 cost	punct
5	Shrinkage	shrinkage	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cost	nsubj
6	cost	cost	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 owner	acl:relcl
7	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 cost	iobj
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 thousand	compound
9	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 pounds	nummod
10	pounds	pound	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 cost	obj
11	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	12 year	det
12	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cost	obl:unmarked
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 owner	punct
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 owner	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cost in a quote	past	Shrinkage	thousand pounds	us		year		vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme we=Beneficiary pound=Value

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What happened?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 happened	nsubj
2	happened	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 happened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	past							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Goods worth that much were stolen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	2 worth	nsubj
2	worth	worth	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 stolen	mark
4	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 stolen	nsubj:pass
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 stolen	aux:pass
6	stolen	steal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 worth	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	worth	present	Goods						tree rules
2	steal	past · passive		much					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

The shop building got smaller

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 building	det
2	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 building	compound
3	building	building	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 got	nsubj
4	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 got	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	past	the shop building					small property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3

Clothes shrank in the wash

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Clothes	clothes	NOUN	Number=Ptan	2 shrank	nsubj
2	shrank	shrink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 wash	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 wash	det
5	wash	wash	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shrank	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shrink	past	Clothes			the wash			vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

Prices dropped by that much

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Prices	price	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dropped	nsubj
2	dropped	drop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	5 much	case
4	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 much	det
5	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 dropped	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drop	participle	Prices					by that much	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme by much=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/27-crime-prison-and-police/t3/