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Test 7 · ★ · Soft words for hard things: crime, prison and the police

Report: "Officers used a less-lethal weapon to stop the man." Which is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Officers · What happens: use, stop, be · To what, where: Report, man

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 27 «Soft words for hard things: crime, prison and the police» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Report: "Officers used a less-lethal weapon to stop the man."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Report	report	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 used	obl
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 used	punct
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 used	punct
4	Officers	officer	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 used	nsubj
5	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 weapon	det
7	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	9 lethal	advmod
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 less	punct
9	lethal	lethal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 weapon	amod
10	weapon	weapon	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 used	obj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 stop	mark
12	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 used	advcl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 man	det
14	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 stop	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 used	punct
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use in a quote	past	Officers	Report					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weapon=Patient
2	stop in a quote	to-infinitive	Officers not said here	the man					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality man=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They used no weapon at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 used	nsubj
2	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 weapon	det
4	weapon	weapon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 used	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 used	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past	They	no weapon		all			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weapon=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

They used a weapon meant not to kill, which can still hurt or kill

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 used	nsubj
2	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 weapon	det
4	weapon	weapon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 used	obj
5	meant	mean	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 weapon	acl
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 kill	advmod
7	to	to	PART	_	8 kill	mark
8	kill	kill	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 meant	xcomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 hurt	punct
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 hurt	nsubj
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 hurt	aux
12	still	still	ADV	_	13 hurt	advmod
13	hurt	hurt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 weapon	parataxis
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 kill	cc
15	kill	kill	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 hurt	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past	They	a weapon					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weapon=Patient
2	mean	participle		a weapon not said here					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	not kill not said to happen	to-infinitive							vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
4	hurt	can	a weapon				still		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
5	kill	infinitive	a weapon not said here						vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3

They used a toy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 used	nsubj
2	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 toy	det
4	toy	toy	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 used	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past	They	a toy					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Patient

Option 4

They used a deadly gun on purpose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 used	nsubj
2	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 gun	det
4	deadly	deadly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 gun	amod
5	gun	gun	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 used	obj
6	on	on	ADP	_	7 purpose	case
7	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 used	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past	They	a deadly gun		purpose			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gun=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/27-crime-prison-and-police/t7/