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Test 8 · ★ · Soft words for hard things: crime, prison and the police a…

A driver was "under the influence" when he crashed. Which is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: driver · What happens: be, crash · To what, where: influence

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 28 «Soft words for hard things: crime, prison and the police and lying and honesty» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A driver was "under the influence" when he crashed.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 driver	det
2	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 influence	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 influence	cop
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 influence	punct
5	under	under	ADP	_	7 influence	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 influence	det
7	influence	influence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 influence	punct
9	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	11 crashed	advmod
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 crashed	nsubj
11	crashed	crash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 influence	acl:relcl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 influence	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	past	a driver			the influence			tree rules
2	crash	past	driver						vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He was under a bridge

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 bridge	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 bridge	cop
3	under	under	ADP	_	5 bridge	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 bridge	det
5	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	He			a bridge			tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

He was drunk or on drugs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 drunk	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 drunk	cop
3	drunk	drunk	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 drugs	cc
5	on	on	ADP	_	6 drugs	case
6	drugs	drug	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 drunk	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	He					drunk property	tree rules

Option 3

He was being bossed by a friend

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 bossed	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 bossed	aux:pass
3	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 bossed	aux:pass
4	bossed	boss	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 friend	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 friend	det
7	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bossed	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	boss	past · passive	a friend	He					vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary

Option 4

He was very tired

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 tired	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 tired	cop
3	very	very	ADV	_	4 tired	advmod
4	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	He					tired property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/28-stealing-and-lying/t8/