Test 6 · ★ · Soft words for hard things: lying and honesty and drinking…
"Course he caught a shark, it's a fish story," laughs the American aunt. What does she think?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Course, shark, fish story, story · What happens: catch, be, laugh, think · To what, where: shark, fish story, American aunt
This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 29 «Soft words for hard things: lying and honesty and drinking and drugs» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: "Course he caught a shark, it's a fish story," laughs the American aunt.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 caught | punct |
| 2 | Course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 caught | nsubj |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 caught | nsubj |
| 4 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 story | advcl |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 shark | det |
| 6 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 caught | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 story | punct |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 story | nsubj |
| 9 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 story | cop |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 story | det |
| 11 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 story | compound |
| 12 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 laughs | nsubj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 story | punct |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 story | punct |
| 15 | laughs | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 aunt | det |
| 17 | American | American | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 aunt | amod |
| 18 | aunt | aunt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 laughs | obj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 laughs | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | catch in a quote | past | Course | a shark | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shark=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | shark | a fish story | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | laugh | present | a fish story | the American aunt | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aunt=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What does she think?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 think | obj |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 think | aux |
| 3 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 think | nsubj |
| 4 | think | think | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 think | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | present · do-support | story | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ✓ the right answer
The claim is exaggerated or made up
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 claim | det |
| 2 | claim | claim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 exaggerated | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 exaggerated | aux:pass |
| 4 | exaggerated | exaggerate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 6 made | cc |
| 6 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 exaggerated | conj |
| 7 | up | up | ADP | _ | 6 made | compound:prt |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | exaggerate | present · passive | the claim | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | make up | participle | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
Option 2
Her nephew caught a real shark
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 nephew | nmod:poss |
| 2 | nephew | nephew | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 caught | nsubj |
| 3 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 shark | det |
| 5 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 shark | amod |
| 6 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 caught | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | catch | past | Her nephew | a real shark | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shark=Theme |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice
It is a story about a goldfish
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 story | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 story | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 story | det |
| 4 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | about | about | ADP | _ | 7 goldfish | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 goldfish | det |
| 7 | goldfish | goldfish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 story | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | a story | about a goldfish | tree rules |
Option 4
It is a true tale from a book
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 tale | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 tale | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 tale | det |
| 4 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 tale | amod |
| 5 | tale | tale | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 book | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 book | det |
| 8 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 tale | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | a true tale | a book | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/29-lying-and-drinking/t6/