Test 3 · ★ · Soft words for hard things: death and dying, illness and t…
Ellie says "the fallen means soldiers who fell off their horses, right?" What is true?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ellie, soldiers · What happens: say, fall, mean, fall off, be · To what, where: soldiers, horses · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 3 «Soft words for hard things: death and dying, illness and the body» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Ellie says "the fallen means soldiers who fell off their horses, right?"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ellie | Ellie | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 says | nsubj |
| 2 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 fallen | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 fallen | det |
| 5 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 means | csubj |
| 6 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 says | ccomp |
| 7 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 means | obj |
| 8 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 fell | nsubj |
| 9 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 soldiers | acl:relcl |
| 10 | off | off | ADP | _ | 12 horses | case |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 horses | nmod:poss |
| 12 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 fell | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 right | punct |
| 14 | right | right | INTJ | _ | 2 says | discourse |
| 15 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 14 right | punct |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 right | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: ask | present | Ellie | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | fall in a quote | participle | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | mean in a quote | present | soldiers | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soldier=Topic | |||||
| 4 | fall off in a quote | past | soldiers | soldiers's horses | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient horse=Extent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is true?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 true | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 true | cop |
| 3 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 true | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | true property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Yes, it means soldiers who tripped
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 4 means | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 means | nsubj |
| 4 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 means | obj |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 tripped | nsubj |
| 7 | tripped | trip | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 soldiers | acl:relcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | it | soldiers | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soldier=Topic | ||||
| 2 | trip | past | soldiers | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 2
Yes, it means riders who fell
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 4 means | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 means | nsubj |
| 4 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | riders | rider | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 means | obj |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 fell | nsubj |
| 7 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 riders | acl:relcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | it | riders | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rider=Topic | ||||
| 2 | fall | past | riders | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
No, it means soldiers who were killed in war
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 means | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 means | nsubj |
| 4 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 means | obj |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 killed | aux:pass |
| 8 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 soldiers | acl:relcl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 war | case |
| 10 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 killed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | it | soldiers | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soldier=Topic | ||||
| 2 | kill | past · passive | soldiers | war | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
Option 4
No, it means soldiers who lost a battle
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 means | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 means | nsubj |
| 4 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 means | obj |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 lost | nsubj |
| 7 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 soldiers | acl:relcl |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 battle | det |
| 9 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 lost | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | it | soldiers | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soldier=Topic | ||||
| 2 | lose | past | soldiers | a battle | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battle=Eventuality |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/3-death-and-feeling-poorly/t3/