Exam question 1 · Going up and down stairs safely

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relative hazard of descending, as opposed to ascending, a staircase?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: relative hazard · What happens: follow, characteris, descend, ascend · To what, where: relative hazard

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1 «Going up and down stairs safely» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 hazard	det
10	relative	relative	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 hazard	amod
11	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	SCONJ	_	13 descending	mark
13	descending	descend	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 hazard	acl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 opposed	punct
15	as	as	ADP	_	16 opposed	case
16	opposed	opposed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 descending	xcomp
17	to	to	SCONJ	_	18 ascending	mark
18	ascending	ascend	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 opposed	advcl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 staircase	punct
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 staircase	det
21	staircase	staircase	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hazard	conj
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the relative hazard and a staircase	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	descend	gerund	the relative hazard and a staircase not said here		opposed property	vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	ascend	gerund	the relative hazard and a staircase not said here			vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The two are equally hazardous in every circumstance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 two	det
2	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 hazardous	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hazardous	cop
4	equally	equally	ADV	_	5 hazardous	advmod
5	hazardous	hazardous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 circumstance	case
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 circumstance	det
8	circumstance	circumstance	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hazardous	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the two			every circumstance		equally, hazardous property	tree rules

Option 2

Ascent is the more hazardous, since the legs must raise the full weight of the body

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascent	ascent	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hazardous	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hazardous	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 hazardous	det
4	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 hazardous	advmod
5	hazardous	hazardous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 raise	punct
7	since	since	SCONJ	_	11 raise	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 legs	det
9	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 raise	nsubj
10	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 raise	aux
11	raise	raise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 hazardous	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 weight	det
13	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 weight	amod
14	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 raise	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 body	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 body	det
17	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 weight	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Ascent					hazardous property	tree rules
2	raise	must	the legs	the full weight of the body					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme

Option 3

Neither presents any hazard to a person of school age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	DET	PronType=Neg	2 presents	nsubj
2	presents	present	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	4 hazard	det
4	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 presents	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 person	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 person	det
7	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hazard	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 age	case
9	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 age	compound
10	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 person	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	present	present	Neither	any hazard	a person of school age				vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent hazard=Theme to person=Recipient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Descent is the more hazardous, since a loss of footing propels the body forward and downward

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Descent	descent	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hazardous	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hazardous	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 hazardous	det
4	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 hazardous	advmod
5	hazardous	hazardous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 propels	punct
7	since	since	SCONJ	_	12 propels	mark
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 loss	det
9	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 propels	nsubj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 footing	case
11	footing	footing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 loss	nmod
12	propels	propel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hazardous	conj
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 body	det
14	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 propels	obj
15	forward	forward	ADV	_	12 propels	advmod
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 downward	cc
17	downward	downward	ADV	_	5 hazardous	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Descent					hazardous property	tree rules
2	propel	present	a loss of footing	the body				forward property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/1-stairs/e1/