Test 3 · ★ · Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry
A boy says sorry to his brother for hitting him, then hits him again the next day. What has he not understood?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy, brother · What happens: say, hit, not understand · To what, where: boy · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 126 «Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A boy says sorry to his brother for hitting him, then hits him again the next day.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 boy | det |
| 2 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 says | nsubj |
| 3 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | sorry | sorry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 says | xcomp |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 brother | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 brother | nmod:poss |
| 7 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sorry | obl |
| 8 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 9 hitting | mark |
| 9 | hitting | hit | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 brother | acl |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 hitting | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 hits | punct |
| 12 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 13 hits | advmod |
| 13 | hits | hit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 says | parataxis |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 hits | obj |
| 15 | again | again | ADV | _ | 13 hits | advmod |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 day | det |
| 17 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 day | amod |
| 18 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 hits | obl:unmarked |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: apologize | present | a boy | sorry property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | hit | gerund | boy's brother not said here | boy | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme he=Co-Theme | ||||
| 3 | hit | present | boy | then; again; day | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme he=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What has he not understood?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 5 understood | obj |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 understood | aux |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 understood | nsubj |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 understood | advmod |
| 5 | understood | understand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 understood | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not understand | present · perfect | boy | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |
The options
Option 1 · ✓ the right answer
Sorry means trying not to do it again
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sorry | sorry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 means | nsubj |
| 2 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | trying | try | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 means | xcomp |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 do | advmod |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 do | mark |
| 6 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 trying | xcomp |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 do | obj |
| 8 | again | again | ADV | _ | 6 do | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | Sorry | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | try not said to happen | gerund | Sorry not said here | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | not do not said to happen | to-infinitive | Sorry not said here | it | again | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
Sorry is only needed for big things, not for a bit of hitting
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sorry | sorry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 needed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 needed | aux:pass |
| 3 | only | only | ADV | _ | 4 needed | advmod |
| 4 | needed | need | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 things | case |
| 6 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 things | amod |
| 7 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 needed | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 bit | punct |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 bit | advmod |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 bit | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 bit | det |
| 12 | bit | bit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 needed | obl |
| 13 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 14 hitting | mark |
| 14 | hitting | hit | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 bit | acl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | need | present · passive | Sorry | for big things; for a bit | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hit | gerund | a bit not said here | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3
Sorry only counts in the morning
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sorry | sorry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 counts | nsubj |
| 2 | only | only | ADV | _ | 3 counts | advmod |
| 3 | counts | count | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 morning | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 morning | det |
| 6 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 counts | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | count | present | Sorry | morning | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
Option 4
Sorry must always be said twice
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sorry | sorry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 said | csubj:pass |
| 2 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 said | aux |
| 3 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 5 said | advmod |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 said | aux:pass |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | twice | twice | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 5 said | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | must · passive | always, twice property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S» |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry/t3/