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Test 4 · ★ · Why people lie, and what is not a lie

A boy in Leeds keeps a secret for a friend who has been taking other children's snacks. Why is lying for him a problem?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy, friend · What happens: keep, take, lie · To what, where: secret, snacks, problem

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 195 «Why people lie, and what is not a lie» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy in Leeds keeps a secret for a friend who has been taking other children's snacks.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 keeps	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Leeds	case
4	Leeds	Leeds	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 boy	nmod
5	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 secret	det
7	secret	secret	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 keeps	obj
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 friend	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 friend	det
10	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 keeps	obl
11	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 taking	nsubj
12	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 taking	aux
13	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	14 taking	aux
14	taking	take	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 friend	acl:relcl
15	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 children	amod
16	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 snacks	nmod:poss
17	's	's	PART	_	16 children	case
18	snacks	snack	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 taking	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 keeps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	a boy in Leeds	a secret				for a friend	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent secret=Theme
2	take	present · perfect · progressive	a friend	other children's snacks					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snack=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is lying for him a problem?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	3 lying	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lying	aux
3	lying	lie	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 him	case
5	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 lying	obl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 problem	det
7	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lying	obj
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 lying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie	present · progressive		a problem				for friend	vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location problem=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The other children will never find out anyway

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 children	det
2	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 children	amod
3	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 find	nsubj
4	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 find	aux
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 find	advmod
6	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	out	out	ADP	_	6 find	compound:prt
8	anyway	anyway	ADV	_	6 find	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not find out	future	the other children					anyway property	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It is fine because friends must always stick together

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fine	expl
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fine	cop
3	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 stick	mark
5	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 stick	nsubj
6	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 stick	aux
7	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	8 stick	advmod
8	stick	stick	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 fine	csubj
9	together	together	ADV	_	8 stick	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						fine property	tree rules
2	stick together	must	friends					always, together property	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Covering up lets the harm go on and drags you in

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Covering	cover	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 lets	csubj
2	up	up	ADP	_	1 Covering	compound:prt
3	lets	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 harm	det
5	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lets	obj
6	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 lets	xcomp
7	on	on	ADV	_	6 go	advmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 drags	cc
9	drags	drag	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lets	conj
10	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 drags	obj
11	in	in	ADP	_	9 drags	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover up	gerund							vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
2	let	present	Covering	the harm					tree rules
3	go on	infinitive	the harm not said here						vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	drag in	present	Covering not said here	you					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme

Option 4

It only matters if the snacks were expensive

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 matters	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 matters	advmod
3	matters	matter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	8 expensive	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 snacks	det
6	snacks	snack	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 expensive	nsubj
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 expensive	cop
8	expensive	expensive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 matters	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	matter	present	It						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
2	is a condition, not said to happen	past	the snacks					expensive property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/195-why-people-lie/t4/