Test 5 · ★ · Why people lie, and what is not a lie

Your little cousin, aged three, says she flew to the Moon last night. How should you take it?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: little cousin, cousin, you · What happens: say, fly, take · To what, where: Moon · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 195 «Why people lie, and what is not a lie» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your little cousin, aged three, says she flew to the Moon last night.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 cousin	nmod:poss
2	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cousin	amod
3	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 says	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 three	punct
5	aged	aged	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 three	amod
6	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 cousin	appos
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cousin	punct
8	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 flew	nsubj
10	flew	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 says	ccomp
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 Moon	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Moon	det
13	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 flew	obl
14	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 night	amod
15	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 flew	obl:unmarked
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your little cousin						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	fly	past	cousin				night	to the Moon result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to moon=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How should you take it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 take	advmod
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 take	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 take	nsubj
4	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 take	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 take	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	should	you	Moon					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

As a sign that she wants to trick you and see if you believe her

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	ADP	_	3 sign	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 sign	det
3	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 trick	obl
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 wants	mark
5	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 wants	nsubj
6	wants	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 trick	advcl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 trick	mark
8	trick	trick	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 trick	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 see	cc
11	see	see	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	8 trick	conj
12	if	if	SCONJ	_	14 believe	mark
13	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	14 believe	nsubj
14	believe	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 see	advcl
15	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 believe	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	want	present	she			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
2	trick	to-infinitive		you	as a sign	vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient
3	see	infinitive				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
4	believe a condition, not said to happen	present	you	her = she		vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

As imagination, since small children mix up pretend and real

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	ADP	_	2 imagination	case
2	imagination	imagination	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 mix	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 imagination	punct
4	since	since	ADP	_	6 children	case
5	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 children	amod
6	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 mix	nsubj
7	mix	mix	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	up	up	ADP	_	7 mix	compound:prt
9	pretend	pretend	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 mix	xcomp
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 real	cc
11	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 pretend	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mix up	present	small children					as imagination; pretend property	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

As proof that she really can fly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	ADP	_	2 proof	case
2	proof	proof	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 fly	mark
4	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 fly	nsubj
5	really	really	ADV	_	7 fly	advmod
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 fly	aux
7	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 proof	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	can	she	proof not said here					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location proof=Theme

Option 4

As a serious lie that must be punished

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	ADP	_	4 lie	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 lie	det
3	serious	serious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 lie	amod
4	lie	lie	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 punished	nsubj:pass
6	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 punished	aux
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 punished	aux:pass
8	punished	punish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 lie	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	punish	must · passive		a serious lie					vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/195-why-people-lie/t5/