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Test 5 · ★★ · Telling when someone may be lying

Two brothers in Cork each say the other started the argument. What is most likely?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Two brothers, other · What happens: say, start, be · To what, where: argument · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 198 «Telling when someone may be lying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Two brothers in Cork each say the other started the argument.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 brothers	nummod
2	brothers	brother	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 say	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Cork	case
4	Cork	Cork	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 brothers	nmod
5	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	6 say	advmod
6	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 other	det
8	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 started	nsubj
9	started	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 say	ccomp
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 argument	det
11	argument	argument	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 started	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Two brothers in Cork						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	start	past	the other	the argument					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent argument=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is most likely?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 likely	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 likely	cop
3	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	4 likely	advmod
4	likely	likely	ADV	_	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 likely	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						likely property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

One of them is a terrible liar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 liar	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 them	case
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 One	nmod
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 liar	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 liar	det
6	terrible	terrible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 liar	amod
7	liar	liar	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	One of them	a terrible liar					tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Each remembers it in his own favour without meaning to lie

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 remembers	nsubj
2	remembers	remember	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 remembers	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 favour	case
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 favour	nmod:poss
6	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 favour	amod
7	favour	favour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 remembers	obl
8	without	without	SCONJ	_	9 meaning	mark
9	meaning	mean	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 remembers	advcl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 lie	mark
11	lie	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 meaning	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remember	present	Each	it		his own favour			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	mean	gerund	Each not said here						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	lie not said to happen	to-infinitive	Each not said here						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	favour		his = he						nom favour «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

Nobody started it, so it did not happen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	2 started	nsubj
2	started	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 started	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 happen	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	9 happen	advmod
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 happen	nsubj
7	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 happen	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 happen	advmod
9	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 started	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	past	Nobody	it					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
2	not happen	past · do-support	it						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Both are lying on purpose to trick you into taking their side

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	3 lying	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lying	aux
3	lying	lie	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 purpose	case
5	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lying	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 trick	mark
7	trick	trick	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 lying	advcl
8	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 trick	obj
9	into	into	SCONJ	_	10 taking	mark
10	taking	take	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 trick	advcl
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 side	nmod:poss
12	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 taking	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie	present · progressive	Both			purpose			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on purpose=Location
2	trick	to-infinitive	Both not said here	you					vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient
3	take	gerund	Both not said here	their side					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/t5/